Writing an Argumentative Essay Topic List

<h1>Writing an Argumentative Essay Topic List</h1><p>Writing a contentious article subject rundown is anything but difficult to do on the off chance that you have sufficient opportunity, vitality and inspiration. At the point when you possess a great deal of every one of the three of these, you will have the option to compose a ground-breaking article on any theme. The issue is that we as a whole have a constrained measure of vitality and inspiration to work with. So how would you compose a contentious paper theme list for free?</p><p></p><p>The first thing you ought to do is take a gander at a decent quality exposition point list, or shockingly better, a book containing article subject records. Numerous books and online discussions offer great arrangements of themes to browse. Investigate the rundown and consider what sort of subject you are expounding on. On the off chance that it is a general inquiry, you should utilize the following coupl e of sections to address that specific theme. You may likewise need to pick a particular subject and go straightforwardly into talking about it in the sections that follow.</p><p></p><p>Your subsequent stage is to make sense of how you are going to layout your article theme list. What number of passages long should each section be? To what extent should each area be? Do you need a chapter by chapter guide, or a synopsis? Most themes comprise of a few paragraphs.</p><p></p><p>Once you have a rundown of points to look over, you have to choose a title for your article. This will fill in as first experience with the exposition. Try not to utilize a descriptive word for the title. Stay away from since quite a while ago, drawn out expressions. Truth be told, you might need to place the title in your footer. Or on the other hand simply put the title in the absolute starting point of your first paragraph.</p><p></p><p>N ow that you have the title for your article subject show, you have to place your theme vigorously by expounding on the point in the fitting passages. Try not to stress over completing your sentences. Truth be told, be certain that your sentences don't end with a comma or semicolon. You have to ensure that you don't come up short on thoughts. Since your motivation is to give data to your peruser, you have to ensure that you keep the peruser's consideration through the entire essay.</p><p></p><p>Follow-up the passage with a concise section. Try not to make this section excessively long. Utilize short, compact sentences. Try not to go past one section. You can use the same number of sections as you like, yet you have to ensure that you are composing a full, streaming, multi-passage article. The last section will talk about the finish of your essay.</p><p></p><p>With a brief period and exertion, you can make a free paper point list for not hing. The key is to observe the three guidelines recorded above.</p>

Understanding Postmodernism Essay Topics

<h1> Understanding Postmodernism Essay Topics </h1> <p>Postmodernism was first initiated in america of America in the schedule year 1972. This case can be trying to clarify, and a few postmodern writings need noteworthy platform to make them available to understudies. Having its characterize what's the development in the present definition up to now. Innovation incorporates a higher movement of people. </p> <h2> Postmodernism Essay Topics at a Glance</h2> <p>550 composing administrations outfitted by the exposition you're currently! The term of the article changes from 3500 to 4500 words and that is the explanation it is known as an extended exposition where the essayist should cover all the aspects of the subject. An investigate exposition plot is considerably more convoluted than the rest of the scholarly paper diagram layouts. There are heaps of components and components to mull over when you're composing your convincing paper. </p> <p>The peruser needs to process what's being said to find the creator's expected importance. 1 way to deal with encourage a superior cognizance of postmodernism is to get your understudies compose articles about it. Metafiction doesn't allow the peruser overlook the person in question perusing an anecdotal work. </p> <h2> Type of Postmodernism Essay Topics</h2> <p>Shrubs are very sensitive, alongside the correct water system (which we'll guarantee, additionally), these dazzling outside beautifying plants may increase the value of the check intrigue of your premises. We can see by review the word reference meanings of the two terms. At long last, you additionally need to ensure you expound on something with a generally excellent reference material. </p> <p>This approach of correspondence has developed all around the globe, where immense quantities of individuals use email, social sites, and digital calling among others to spread data all through the world. Postindustrial society predicts maximal creation with negligible utilization of every regular stuff. Quarterly nuisance control administrations are planned to get certain vermin far from the yard and bushes around your home or business. So as to totally comprehend the connection among society and the development of the travel industry, especially patterns and changes in the travel industry rehearses rather than the travel industry as a general human movement, it's fundamental to consider the character or state of contemporary social orders. </p> <p>Inside this account, the creator investigates the structure of the standard story, and likewise, he scrutinizes the cutting edge things. By method of model, metafiction and pastiche are frequently utilized for incongru ity. Post innovation is about valiant reasoning and totally free composition. </p> <p>It's known as the convictions about convictions. The subject of truth is set by science. Versus Donald trump is a greater scholarly history doesn't have any, for example, a few musings on postmodern this postmodern. </p> <p>You may likewise gain a few limits on our site which will assist you with saving some more cash for future requests or anything you need to spend them on. So as to get the more noteworthy instruction required for more prominent work, you require cash. Those understudies that are searching for more than data on how best to make a 5 passage look into paper don't spare a moment to get some assistance in the outside of internet composing administration. So as to procure cash, you must have training. </p> <h2> The Key to Successful Postmodernism Essay Topics</h2> <p>How Metaphysical verse and current man can be related with the renaissance time frame. The positive effect is that the objective of somebody or a gathering is to develop relationship with God, paying little heed to what religion they are. As needs be, in a postmodern world, truth is an assessment that is adaptable to adjust. Additionally, never quit finding something new as regardless of whether you trust you know everything there'll consistently be someone who knows more. </p> <p>The utilization of NFL shirts is incredibly normal. With customized pullovers of the NFL, you're certain that you have the perfect plan. Finding a modest NFL shirt has been an overwhelming activity for some of the in-your-face fans regardless of the group they support for. </p> <p>They probably won't have an AMOLED screen, yet they're wearing the most up to date show screen innovation that you may rival this. Welcome to handle all you reexamining about how to help your article composing abilities. It bodes well an individual should start by picking a couple of good subjects to separate and draw matches. A shadow box is a phenomenal way to deal with show bigger pooch related things that won't coordinate in a typical casing. </p>

Essay About Self Identity With Relation To Writing

Essay About Self Identity With Relation To WritingThe essay about self-identity with relation to writing is one of the different types of essay required by most of the student around the world. Students often find the form of writing a lot more difficult than they expected it to be, so it is really important for them to know what to write about when they need an essay about self-identity with relation to writing. The essay can contain many things, and therefore, many topics, but at the same time, one of the most important things to keep in mind when you are writing your essay about self-identity with relation to writing is that you have to make sure that your essay on this topic focuses only on one particular thing.Now that there are many subjects available, most of which are related to writing, it is really difficult for students to come up with a single topic on which they can put all their concentration. However, the essay about self-identity with relation to writing is really imp ortant as it gives students the chance to reflect upon how much they understand about themselves. Moreover, the essay also lets them try out their creativity and express their personal style in writing.It is very common for students to confuse their personal style with the written style. However, in writing, personal style comes first, and the written style follows. When a student writes an essay about self-identity with relation to writing, he or she must always make sure that the topics they are talking about are relevant to the essay.Most of the students who tend to be creative and write a lot of essays tend to mix different topics in their personal style. One thing that a student should avoid doing when he or she has an essay about self-identity with relation to writing is mixing subjects together. This can lead to a mixed article which will result in less clarity and more confusion in the student's mind.One of the most common topics that are mixed up when a student writes a per sonal style essay is self-esteem. Most of the time, when a student is writing an essay about self-identity with relation to writing, the subject matter may include topics like 'self-confidence', 'self-esteem', 'self-image', and 'self-image'. However, a student should ensure that the topics which he or she discusses are related to the topic of self-identity.Besides these subjects, there are other topics which can be mixed up in a student's personal style. One of these topics includes the topic of self-discovery. A student must remember that his or her personal style cannot be confused with the style of others.When a student writes an essay about self-identity with relation to writing, he or she must remember that his or her personal style is unique and that there is no way to compare his or her style with others. Furthermore, the essay must also incorporate all the other topics as well. Most of the time, when a student writes an essay about self-identity with relation to writing, he or she tends to forget about the other topics which were discussed earlier and concentrate on the same topic.The best thing a student can do when he or she has an essay about self-identity with relation to writing is to ask questions about the other topics that were discussed. At the same time, a student must remember that these are not the only topics that can be included in an essay. There are still many other topics that can be included and when a student writes an essay about self-identity with relation to writing, he or she must remember that all these topics can be discussed as long as he or she is clear about the fact that they are the topics that should be discussed when a student writes an essay about self-identity with relation to writing.

Please, Briefly Explain Your Extracurricular Activities In Your Brief Essay Topic

Please, Briefly Explain Your Extracurricular Activities In Your Brief Essay TopicIn an academic paper, please briefly explain your extracurricular activities in your brief essay topic. It will make the reader and teacher think that you are more than just a student.One of the key aspects of an academic paper is that the students should be able to relate it to their academic work. The paper should not be that strange that a student would be interested in avoiding it. One way for students to avoid this kind of issue is to make their extracurricular activities of great importance to them.A student's past accomplishments of his or her past academic papers is a good start when writing a student's academic paper. However, it is still required to make sure that the student's academic work can be fully supported by these achievements. Furthermore, it is also a must to make the reader wonder why the student is writing an essay about his or her past achievements. This can be achieved by writing a brief history about the student's previous experiences in academic study.The key for a student to write an academic paper is to always get the best from the situation. Students will have to go through different situations and try to create essays that showcase the student's achievements.The essay that should be written is a one-page academic paper. There are many essay topics that should be considered and included in an academic paper. Just like writing an essay about one's past achievements, there are different essay topics that can be included in an academic paper.Some of the essential factors that should be included in an academic paper include background facts and historical events that define the way a student has lived his or her life. These facts will help to demonstrate how a student has been living his or her life. This would greatly help to convey the message that the student will be conveying in his or her academic paper. Moreover, the student should always be detailed when writing a personal essay about his or her past life.Students should always be aware that the primary motive of writing an academic paper is to increase their knowledge. Therefore, they should write academic papers that will allow the reader and the teacher to expand on their knowledge. The academic paper should always be able to convince the reader and the teacher that the student has already reached the limits of his or her academic study.Finally, a student should always remember that to write an academic paper is not as easy as writing an essay. There are many parts that a student needs to consider including in his or her academic paper. Therefore, a student should always try to make a good essay that will showcase the student's academic prowess.

Fraud, Deceptions, and Downright Lies About Social Justice Topics for Essay Exposed

<h1> Fraud, Deceptions, and Downright Lies About Social Justice Topics for Essay Exposed </h1> <h2> The Good, the Bad and Social Justice Topics for Essay </h2> <p>There's no evident way to determine bigotry. As a matter of fact, some can emphatically restrict same-sex marriage. You won't should be stressed over a thing since we exist to help you out. You will do the same old thing. </p> <h2>The Importance of Social Justice Topics for Essay </h2> <p>There are a couple of basic things you need to know in order to review an extraordinary paper. Composing a charming exposition about stylish points is a chance to uncover your insight into earth. You should ensure you've picked a satisfactory subject so you may present a great article. There are a couple primary things you should find out about before you even start picking social issues paper subjects. </p> <p>You additionally get an extraordinary chance to delve more into explore! At the point when you create a social issue exposition, it is critical to exhibit your private perspective on the issue. At the point when you are given an assignment to form an article on a social issue, you're allowed to open an energizing talk. Use all you know to uncover your perception of the planet, and bring out old fashioned philosophical hypotheses. </p> <p>My up and coming profession is critical to me. By and large, it was logically significant. This is very bizzare. </p> <h2>The Unexpected Truth About Social Justice Topics for Essay </h2> <p>Please don't be hesitant to connect when you have any inquiries or concerns. Fundamental inquiries and destinations go together, as the targets ought to be able to respond to the inquiry. The focuses keep on being legitimate on the off chance that you have a Republican congressperson, yet the informing will require twea king. The other essential point is that commitment must be continued. </p> <h2> What You Need to Know About Social Justice Topics for Essay</h2> <p>Giving them a voice, another name, a sentiment of self, would empower them to ascend over the entanglement they've gotten themselves. Prepared Bit measured assignments which you could possibly begin and in around one hour finish. Much like everything, on the off chance that you don't manage yourself first you won't be viable at other stuff. Endeavoring to do the exploration on what will gain a change there. </p> <h2>Social Justice Topics for Essay Explained </h2> <p>Social equity issues can occur regarding for all intents and purposes any component of society where disparity can emerge as an outcome of crooked preferences or arrangements. The thought of educating for equity isn't to make a multitude of social equity warriors, yet to make a disturbance in the present foundational mistreatmen t present in the United States of america. A local social foul play that I'm aware of is bigotry and separation. Many advantaged understudies are hesitant to find out about how their benefit empowers them to pick up from mistreatment as it infers they are terrible people. </p> <p>Mothers are looking for network, and judgment free data and recommendations on kid raising in these sorts of spaces. There are various approaches to get notification from families. A mother bunch isn't a similar creature be that as it may. </p> <p>It is an incredible method to appreciate what's happening in different pieces of earth and the manner by which they influence Americans living in the States. It is going to fundamentally be a fairly delightful planet. There is an expanding issue for people in the USA with respect to preventable ailments. Cultural impact on high school smoking. </p> <p>Each print issue will have two or three qualities that run into 3,0005,000-word an area. Specialist Who is a British show. in any case, it is viewed all through the world. Indeed, even youthful understudies may utilize photography and video for social move. You're fabricating a photograph of a social issue, and you need to raise each potential side of the story. </p> <h2> Social Justice Topics for Essay and Social Justice Topics for Essay - The Perfect Combination</h2> <p>You can create a distinction. Inside this sense, to educate for equity is simply to instruct. There isn't anybody on the p lanet who can find out about every single shamefulness through lived understanding. A lot more are irate and invigorated yet don't see how to get ready for marriage. </p> <p>Family commitment is a basic piece of understudy achievement. Connect whether you own a story for Social Good Families. A critical part social equity instruction is to believe that understudies are in a situation to evaluate the data we give and use it one might say that is substantial, reasonable and applicable to their own special lives. </p> <p>Art treatment gives this chance. Training understudies about their own one of a kind benefit is giving them the opportunity to self-investigation. Moreover, it's significant for instructors to get ready for guidance since they must meet the desires controlled by the school, and by Common Core. Instructors mix social equity into exactly what the class is doing as of now, instead of isolating it from the present educational plan. </p> <p>If you might want to get a degree from a solid American school or college, at that point you should be sure which you are submitting perfect and prevalent articles. Before presenting your task, you need to be certain that it's perfect and blunder free. Try not to be stressed on the off chance that you don't have great composing aptitudes since you generally should utilize a specialist to complete your task in time. Understudies who regarded the social equity crucial significantly more slanted to state they proposed to work for soci al equity later on and felt they had the right stuff to impact positive move. </p> <p>Just like any possibly disputable exercise, it is essential that you talk with your executive about it early. Extraordinary consideration should be taken to ensure they can practice their privileges as full residents in the new legitimate buy. Proficiency abilities are among the most grounded indicators of wellbeing status. </p>

Writing Essays - When Should The Header Be Used?

<h1>Writing Essays - When Should The Header Be Used?</h1><p>Most understudies compose their papers in a rush, and before they get done with understanding it, they surge out of the room and begin the procedure all once more. It's extraordinary to take a shot at it early, yet you need to recollect that it's not finished until you send it in. When composing an article where should the header be, there are numerous elements to consider in this process.</p><p></p><p>The first significant factor is the kind of person you are tending to your paper to. You can either have a subject, for example, a teacher, an educator, or somebody significant in your life, however a few understudies don't have the foggiest idea what the individual's name is. Hence, you have to ensure you have the understudy's name before the date and the evaluation. Remember that the teacher will in all likelihood be one of your educators in your group, with the goal that will help i n choosing the best strategy to send to them.</p><p></p><p>Another significant interesting point is simply the article subject. There are a lot of subjects you can use for your exposition, however on the off chance that you don't have the foggiest idea what you need to expound on, at that point you can generally utilize a general subject. Notwithstanding, you have to recollect that you are the person who knows the topic, so you need to go with what you know. In the event that you know nothing about the subject, at that point you should pick a theme that you know almost no about. Along these lines, you will be progressively arranged to compose an essay.</p><p></p><p>When you start to compose your exposition, you will need to begin by making an unfinished copy. When you are finished with this work in progress, you can begin composing a draft. Now, you can allow it to rest, however remember to hand it over and disclose to them that you ha ve sent it.</p><p></p><p>If you are writinga article about something that is exceptionally normal, for example, the expense of your book, you might need to inquire about the general topic that the paper covers. Notwithstanding, on the off chance that you are composing a paper about something that isn't as normal, you ought to do your exploration first.</p><p></p><p>After you have everything arranged out, you can plunk down and start composing your article. You need to have a structure as of now set up before you start composing. Since the main draft is the most significant, you need to be certain that you are progressing nicely at the earliest opportunity. At that point, you can start composing the presentation and the conclusion.</p><p></p><p>For the presentation, you can do likewise as you would do in a proposition, with the exception of this time you will compose the data from the viewpoint of the understudy who is perusing the exposition. You ought to incorporate explicit data about the understudy's advantages, leisure activities, and so forth. This will assist with making it simpler for the peruser to comprehend the subject matter.</p><p></p><p>After you have composed the presentation, you would then be able to compose the principal passage, which will concentrate on the focal point of the whole paper. At that point, you can set aside a tad of effort to clarify different passages and the conclusion.</p>

THE IMPACT OF FEEDBACK ENVIRONMENT ON EMPLOYEE COMMITMENT - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 21 Words: 6432 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? This research paper examines the effect of feedback environment on employee commitment, with role clarity being the mediating variable in the public and private sectors organizations of Islamabad Rawalpindi city. From the previous researches a link was found between feedback environment and employee commitment at workplace, this study attempts to explore this link in the context of Islamabad. To create employee commitment amongst organizational members has become increasingly important in todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s dynamic business environment, because this factor leads to employee retention and a low degree of turnover. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "THE IMPACT OF FEEDBACK ENVIRONMENT ON EMPLOYEE COMMITMENT" essay for you Create order For this study a sample size of 200 was taken and different private and public sector organizations were covered in the research work. The research was of hypothesis-testing in nature and responses were collected using standardized questionnaires for each variable. All three variables supervisory and coworker feedback and role clarity proved to be positively associated with employee commitment; with the feedback from coworker source being the strongest in creating employee commitment followed by role clarity and feedback from supervisor source. The mediating effect of role clarity was not found to be significant and there is still an opportunity for further research in this area to explore this link. However the positive association of role clarity with employee commitment represents its importance in creating employee commitment, though its contribution is small, but this very dimension must not be ignored by the managers of the 21st century. Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION It has become necessary for business firms to satisfy all of their major stakeholders (consumers, employees, clients etc) to remain competitive in todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s dynamic business environment. The satisfaction and commitment level of a firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s employees is of key importance in determining its human resource strength, which in turn leads to their retention and make an organization able to satisfy the needs of its customers, consumers and clients in both the production and service sectors. Many variables have an impact on the level of commitment of a firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s employees, some of which are job satisfaction level (with intrinsic and extrinsic factors), the quality of leader-member exchange and the overall feedback environment that an employee works in. Many researchers put emphasis on providing feedback to employees in order to satisfy them and consider providing feedback to employees to be essential for maintaining and increasing employee motivation and satisfaction. Traditionally the yearly formal performance appraisal/review in private sector organizations and Annual Confidential Report (ACR) in public sector organizations have been considered as the ideal platform for higher authorities (departmental/organizational heads, supervisors, immediate bosses) to provide feedback to employees about how they view their performance. But employees generally report problems and shortfalls regarding the current methodologies used to asses their performance and characterize the overall process as being too much restricted to a performance appraisal period and involving only one feedback source (departmental/organizational heads, supervisors, and immediate bosses). A qualitative case study by Longenecker and Nykodym (1996) in the public sector illustrated some of the problems associated with traditional performance appraisal method. Employees noted that feedback in performance appraisal was problematic for improving employee motivation and performance, and as a communications tool to improve the manager/subordinate relationship and suggested that managers should: make more time available for providing performance feedback, increase their knowledge of actual performance, better clarify performance expectations, put greater emphasis on employee development, not dwell on negatives, provide more ongoing feedback, and increase two-way communication These suggestions indicate that supervisors/immediate bosses might adopt a number of specific behaviors to support feedback processes in the organization, which in turn might lead to an enhanced manager/subordinate relationship and increased employee satisfaction and hence employee commitment. Here we can see that feedback only after some specified interval and through formal sessions is not sufficient to improve work outcomes (job satisfaction, productivity, employee commitment, organizational citizenship behavior etc). Considering this very fact; Steelman, Levy and Snell (2004) proposed a scale, known as Feedback Environment Scale (FES) with a validation study to demonstrate how different facets of feedback sources (supervisor and coworkers) constitute the overall feedback environment within an organization. This new instrument measures a much more comprehensive view of the feedback environment and is more relevant to the organizations of today and the responsibilities of 21st-cent ury managers. FES may also be defined as a multifaceted construct with two major factors (Supervisor and Coworker) manifested in seven facets. Together, these seven facets reflect the contextual aspects surrounding the transmission of job performance feedback on a recurrent or daily basis (Steelman et al, 2004). In general; Employee commitment is oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s psychological attachment to his or her organizations. The higher the level of Employee Commitment of an individual, the lower are the chances of his/her psychological and physical job withdrawal. Moreover; committed employees are generally productive and go beyond their job descriptions in improving their organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s products and services. Researchers have found a positive link between Feedback Environment Scale and Employee commitment. This link is mediated by a third variable called Role Clarity, which is defined as the subjective feeling of having as much or not as much role relevant information as the person would like to have Lyons (1971). This study is aimed to explore this link in a Pakistani context and more specifically in the context of Islamabad, After the confirmation of such a link, mangers can adopt a number of measures to improve employeesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ satisfaction, their level of productivity and employee commitment. Research Objectives To measure the level of performance feedback (from supervisors and coworkers) received by the employees of different organizations, both of public and private sector operating in Islamabad city. To Measure the level of employee commitment of employees working in different organizations To explore the link between feedback environment and employee commitment To suggest specific measures to be adopted in order to increase the overall feedback environment and employee commitment in organizations Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Feedback Environment In the past, the feedback environment has been defined as the type of job performance information that employees perceive as being available to them (Herold Parsons, 1985).but according to the refined and most up-to-date definition; the feedback environment refers to the contextual aspects of day-to-day supervisor-subordinate and coworker-coworker feedback processes rather than to the formal performance appraisal feedback session (Steelman et al, 2004). Consequently, up to now, an organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s feedback environment has been defined as the amount and availability of positive and negative feedback from different sources (Steelman et al, 2004). 2.2 Measurement of Feedback Environment Feedback environment in an organization is measured through a new multifaceted instrument, the Feedback Environment Scale (FES), which helps inform the feedback process in organizations. This new instrument measures a much more comprehensive view of the feedback environment and is more relevant to the organizations of today and the responsibilities of 21st-century managers. FES may also be defined as a multifaceted construct with two major factors (Supervisor and Coworker) manifested in seven facets. Together, these seven facets reflect the contextual aspects surrounding the transmission of job performance feedback on a recurrent or daily basis (Steelman et al, 2004). It is clear that employees receive feedback information from various sources (Greller, 1980; Morrison, 1993) but some authors suggest that supervisor and coworker feedback sources are the most practical and relevant from the feedback recipientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s point of view (Ashford, 1989). Thus, the FES postulates two factors called Supervisor Source and Coworker Source and the following seven specific facets within each of those source factors: source credibility, feedback quality, feedback delivery, frequency of favorable feedback, frequency of unfavorable feedback, source availability, and promoting feedback seeking (Steelman et al, 2004). Source Credibility is conceptualized as the feedback sourceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s expertise and trustworthiness (Giffin, 1967). Consistency and usefulness have been demonstrated to be important aspects of feedback quality (Greller, 1980; Hanser Muchinsky, 1978; Herold, Liden, Leatherwood, 1987). A feedback recipientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s perceptions of the sourceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s intentions in giving feedback will affect reactions and responses to the feedback (Fedor, Eder, Buckley, 1989). Favorable feedback is conceptualized as the perceived frequency of positive feedback such as compliments from supervisors and/or coworkers when from the feedback recipientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s view, his or her performance does in fact warrant positive feedback. Correspondingly, unfavorable feedback is conceptualized as the perceived frequency of negative feedback such as expressions of dissatisfaction and criticism from supervisors and/or coworkers when from the feedback recipientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s vi ew, his or her performance warrants such feedback (Steelman et al, 2004). Supervisor and/or coworker source availability is operationalized as the perceived amount of contact an employee has with his or her supervisor and/or coworkers and the ease with which feedback can be obtained (Steelman et al, 2004). Feedback seeking is defined as the extent to which the environment is supportive or unsupportive of feedback seeking. It is the extent to which employees are encouraged or rewarded for seeking feedback and the degree to which employees feel comfortable asking for performance feedback (Williams et al, 1999). 2.3 Role Clarity Lyons (1971) defines role clarity as the subjective feeling of having as much or not as much role relevant information as the person would like to have. The importance of having role clarity (knowing the tasks and expectations of a job) has been shown in previous research that used both emotional and performance-related measures (Abramis, 1994; Jackson Schuler, 1985; Tubre Collins, 2000). Role clarity is a prerequisite for harmonious interactions with others in the role set (Mcgrath, 1976). The absence of role clarity leads to stress, intrapersonal tension and lowered job satisfaction (Cooper, Sloan Williams, 1988; Hall, 2004). Breaugh Colihan (1994) defined role ambiguity to be job ambiguity and indicated that job ambiguity possesses three distinct aspects: work methods, scheduling, and performance criteria. 2.4 Employee Commitment It is recognized that an employees commitment to an organization can be expressed in three particular ways: affective, continuance, and normative. Affective commitment is focused on an emotional attachment to the organization (Herscovitch, 2002). On the other hand, continuance commitment is when an employee stays with an organization based on a perceived cost of leaving (Herscovitch, 2002). In this case, the employee is staying because he/she thinks it will cost more to go find work elsewhere. Lastly, normative commitment refers to an employees moral obligation to stay with the organization (Herscovitch, 2002). This can arise due to the employee feeling that the organization has treated him/her well and therefore, he/she owes the organization a continued period of employment. In one sense, each type of commitment somewhat ties the individual to the organization; however, each impacts differently on the manner in which the employee conducts him/herself in the workplace. For example, a n employee with an affective commitment will often go above and beyond what is required of his/her position in order to assist the organization in meeting its goals. Employees with high affective commitment tend to be absent from work less frequently and display a higher work motivation and organizational citizenship (McShane, 2001). Continuance commitment, however, is negatively related to performance whereby employees tend to do simply what is required, have higher rates of absenteeism, and low motivation (Johns and Saks, 1996). 2.5 Feedback Environment, Role Clarity/Ambiguity and Employee Commitment Over recent years, there has been a surge of interest in the effects of the feedback environment on work-related outcomes (e.g. Norris-Watts Levy, 2004; Rosen et al., 2006). A favorable feedback environment is positively related to supervisory reported organizational citizenship behavior and that this relationship is partially mediated by affective commitment (Norris-Watts Levy, 2004). Another study tested a mediated model suggesting that the effects of the feedback environment on job satisfaction, and supervisory rated in-role and extra-role performance are mediated by perceptions of organizational politics. In general, this model was supported, again demonstrating the relationship between the feedback environment and several work-related outcomes (Rosen et al., 2006). A field experiment conducted by Tziner and Latham (1989) revealed increased work satisfaction and employee commitment when a goal-setting and feedback program was introduced, but it is not possible to draw the concl usion that this effect emanates from feedback only. Researchers have found a relationship between feedback and role ambiguity (Herold et al, 1987, Peiro et al, 1994, Sawyer, 1992, Teas, 1983, Vredenburgh, 1983). So, even though previous studies lend support to the hypothesis that feedback affects attitudes towards work, there is also a possibility that the uncertainty reducing effect of feedback is the link between feedback and work attitudes, through the intervening influence of role ambiguity. Resultantly, there is also support to hypothesize that feedback only indirectly affects attitude towards work with role ambiguity as a mediating variable (Anders et al, 1999). Mathieu Zajac (1990) conducted a meta-analysis of 48 studies and found that overall employee commitment was low when employees were unsure about what was expected of them (Role Ambiguity). In nine studies, Dunham, Grube, Castaneda (1994) found that employees understanding about the significance of their tasks were somewhat positively related to affective commitment, but not related to normative or continuance commitment. Workers need role clarity to be able to navigate on their own. To improve the opportunity for self feedback there appears a need to strengthen the connection between the individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s work and the organizational goals (Anders et al, 1999). Chapter 3 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK On the basis of literature review, a relationship between feedback environment and employee commitment was found, being mediated by a third variable, Role Clarity. The following hypothetical link between the variables was drawn and tested. 3.1 Operational Definitions 3.1.1 Feedback Environment (Independent Variable) Feedback Environment has been taken as the independent variable for this study which is defined by Steelman et al (2004) as the amount and availability of positive and negative feedback from different sources. As the feedback environment in organizations is generally measured using the Feedback environment Scale (FES) proposed by Steelman et al (2004), the same will be employed to measure the quality of feedback environment that takes into account two major feedback sources which are: Supervisor source Coworker source Feedback from each source has seven dimensions which are: 3.1.1.1- Source credibility Giffin (1967) defined source credibility as the feedback sourceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s expertise and trustworthiness. Perception of trustworthiness an individual imparts to other people. Factors that influence source credibility are expertise and reputation for honesty. 3.1.1.2- Feedback quality Feedback quality refers to its consistency and usefulness which are important aspects of feedback (Greller, 1980; Hanser Muchinsky, 1978; Herold, Liden, Leatherwood, 1987). 3.1.1.3- Feedback delivery It refers to the feedback environment in terms of sourceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s consideration and intentions in his or her delivery of the feedback (Steelman et al 2004). In simple words this dimension is related to the extent of empathy of the feedback source. 3.1.1.4- Favorable feedback Steelman et al (2004) defined favorable feedback as the perceived frequency of positive feedback such as compliments from supervisors and/or coworkers when from the feedback recipientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s view, his or her performance does in fact warrant positive feedback 3.1.1.5- Unfavorable feedback Unfavorable feedback is conceptualized as the perceived frequency of negative feedback such as expressions of dissatisfaction and criticism from supervisors and/or coworkers when from the feedback recipientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s view, his or her performance warrants such feedback (Steelman et al, 2004). 3.1.1.6- Source availability Supervisor and/or coworker source availability is defined as the perceived amount of contact an employee has with his or her supervisor and/or coworkers and the ease with which feedback can be obtained (Steelman et al, 2004). 3.1.1.7- Promoting feedback seeking Williams et al (1999) defined Feedback seeking is defined as the extent to which the environment is supportive or unsupportive of feedback seeking. It is the extent to which employees are encouraged or rewarded for seeking feedback and the degree to which employees feel comfortable asking for performance feedback Responses about each dimension relating to both the sources will be gathered using the FES Questionnaire, proposed by Steelman et al (2004) in their validation study of the FES. 3.2 Employee Commitment (Dependent Variable) For the purpose of this study employee commitment has been defined as an employeeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s psychological attachment to his/her organization. Mainly the three component model of employee commitment by Herscovitch (2002) is used, which says that the commitment level itself consists of three parts; affective, continuance and normative commitment. Somers (1995) defined Affective commitment as an employeeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s emotional attachment to an organizational goals and values. Normative commitment is a perceived duty to support the organization and its activities, whereas; continuance commitment is however interacted with affective commitment in predicting job withdrawal intentions and absenteeism. The level of employee commitment was measured using the employee commitment questionnaire by John Meyer Natalie Allen (1991). Figure 3.1: The Theoretical Relationship between Feedback Environment and Employee Commitment with the Mediating Effect of Role Clarity/Ambiguity 3.3 Role Clarity/Ambiguity (Mediating Variable) Role clarity is defined as the subjective feeling of having as much or not as much role relevant information as the person would like to have Lyons (1971). Or simply knowing the tasks and expectations of oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s job is known as Role Clarity. From the previous studies there appeared a relationship between feedback and employee commitment with the mediating effect of role clarity/ambiguity, and it was conceived in this study that the quality of feedback environment leads to role clarity or ambiguity as feedback serves the purpose of clarifying an employeeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s role which leads to employee commitment (Mathieu Zajac 1990, Dunham, Grube, Castaneda 1994). Role Clarity was measured using the standardized questionnaire proposed by Rizzo et al (1970). 3.4 Hypotheses: The following seven hypotheses were tested to explore the link between the following: Supervisory Feedback and Subordinateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Role Clarity Coworker Feedback and Incumbentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Role Clarity Feedback Environment and Employee commitment Role Clarity and Employee commitment 3.5 Hypotheses Statements Hypothesis 1: Ho: There is no relationship between supervisory feedback and subordinateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s role clarity Hypothesis 1: H1: There is a relationship between supervisory feedback and subordinateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s role clarity Hypothesis 2: Ho: There is no relationship between coworker feedback and employee role clarity Hypothesis 2: H1: There is a relationship between coworker feedback and employee role clarity Hypothesis 3: Ho: There is no relationship between feedback environment and employee role clarity Hypothesis 3: H1: There is a relationship between feedback environment and employee role clarity Hypothesis 4: Ho: There is no relationship between supervisory feedback and employee commitment Hypothesis 4: H1: There is a relationship between supervisory feedback and employee commitment Hypothesis 5: Ho: There is no relationship between coworker feedback and employee commitment Hypothesis 5: H1: There is a relationship between coworker feedback and employee commitment Hypothesis 6: Ho: There is no relationship between feedback environment and employee commitment Hypothesis 6: H1: There is a relationship between feedback environment and employee commitment Hypothesis 7: Ho: There is no relationship between employee role clarity and employee commitment Hypothesis 7: H1: There is a relationship between employee role clarity and employee commitment Chapter 4 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research Design is a master plan specifying the methods and procedures for collecting and analyzing needed information. Having identified the variables of the study and developing the theoretical framework, the next step was to design the research in a way that the required data could be gathered and analyzed to arrive at a solution. A Survey was conducted, based on a questionnaire. The term questionnaire refers to a list of questions, usually printed, and submitted for replies that can be analyzed for usable information. 4.1 Purpose of the Study The research was of hypothesis-testing in nature. The characteristics of variables and their relationship were defined in the previous section. Hypotheses were formulated on the basis of relationships between the two main variables (feedback environment and employee commitment). Researches have shown that there is positive relationship between feedback environment and employee commitment. Those studies were conducted in different parts of the world and the current research is based on the hypotheses which are to be tested to find if there is a positive relationship between the said variables. 4.2 Type of Investigation The purpose of our research was to find out if there is relation between variables, the type of investigation chosen was correlation. 4.3 Extent of Researcher Interference with the Study The primary data was collected through the questionnaire. The data was collected in natural environment and the researcherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s interference was minimal. 4.4 Study Settings The research was conducted in natural environment where work proceeds normally, i.e. in non-contrived settings. The study was based on Field Experiment where all activities were occurring in natural work environment. 4.5 Unit of Analysis In this study, individuals were studied separately. Research team studied the feedback received from the two sources (supervisor and coworker) and through the questionnaire investigated the relevant variables and their relationship. 4.6 Sampling A sample is a subset of a larger population that contains its major characteristics. In this step the following decisions were taken: Who is to be sampled (sampling unit) How large a sample should be (sample size) How will sample units be selected (sampling technique) 4.7 Sampling Unit To get the representation from all levels of management and all types of organizations, employees form each layer of management were selected as sample from different organizations ranging from manufacturing to service, both from public and private sectors. Responses were gathered from the employees of the following organizations: Askari Bank, Balochistan Teachersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Training Academy, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering Management Sciences (BUITEMS), Cantonment Hospital, Chiltan Ghee Mills, Civil Secretariat, Concern Worldwide, Habib Bank Ltd, Mercy Crops, National Bank, PTCL, Islamabad Electric Supply Company (QESCO), SME Bank, Sui Southern Gas Company Ltd (SSGC), Telecard, Telenor, UNDP and Warid Telecom 4.8 Sample Size The sample size for the study was 200. Employees from each of the above-mentioned organization were asked to respond the questionnaires. 4.9 Sampling Technique Probability sampling was used for the research; in such type of sampling each member of population has an equal chance of becoming a sample. 4.10 The Questionnaire The Questionnaire had the following sections: 4.10.1 Section-1 (Demographics) The first section investigated about the respondentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s demographical characteristics including: Age Gender Marital Status Qualification Managerial level Nature of work Experience in years The respondents were not asked to mention their names or disclose their identity and it was ensured to keep the information confidential. 4.10.2 Section-2 3 (Supervisory and Coworker Feedback Measurement) These sections contained questions about the supervisory and coworker feedback received by the respondents focusing on the following dimensions: Source credibility Feedback quality Feedback delivery Favorable feedback Unfavorable feedback Source availability Promoting feedback seeking The items of this section were obtained from the validation study of feedback environment (Steelman et al, 2004). 4.10.3 Section-4 (Employee commitment Measurement) This section contained questions about the level of employee commitment of the respondents. 4.10.4 Section-5 (Role Clarity Measurement) This section contained questions measuring the Role Clarity of the respondents. 4.11 Data Collection In this phase the research moved from papers to the field. Data was gathered in the form of responses from the respondents. Questionnaire was used as a tool to collect data and 100% of the respondents were surveyed through it. As mentioned above different organizations from public and private sector were visited to collect the responses. Questionnaires were distributed and taken back from the respondents after two to three days. Total time taken to complete the data collection process was two weeks. The respondents were guided about filling the questionnaires and the queries were responded properly. Chapter 5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 5. Hypothesis Testing All seven hypotheses of the study were tested on the following parameters: Confidence level: (1-ÃŽÂ ±) = 0.95 (95%) Level of Significance: ÃŽÂ ± = 0.05 Statistic used: t-statistic Sample size: n = 200 Table 5.1: Results of Hypothesis Testing Hypotheses t-calculated t-tabulated Computation Result 1 2.20 +1.96 tcalttab Rejected Ho 2 1.97 +1.96 tcalttab Rejected Ho 3 2.13 +1.96 tcalttab Rejected Ho 4 3.74 +1.96 tcalttab Rejected Ho 5 6.88 +1.96 tcalttab Rejected Ho 6 6.18 +1.96 tcalttab Rejected Ho 7 1.99 +1.96 tcalttab Rejected Ho Where: tcal = the calculated value of t-statistic ttab = the tabulated value of t-statistic It is clear from the results of table 5.1, that all seven alternative hypotheses were accepted as the value of t-calculated found be higher than the value of t-tabulated regarding each hypothesis. This shows that there is a link between each of the independent variable (feedback from supervisor and coworker source, feedback environment and role clarity) with the dependent variable (employee commitment). 5.1 Correlation Analysis The second analysis involved regressing each of the predictors on the outcome variable i.e. employee commitment. The results are presented in table 5.2 A correlation matrix was developed for Supervisory Feedback, Coworker feedback and Role clarity with Employee Commitment. According to the results, all the three variables were positively associated with Employee Commitment. The association represents a positive linear relationship between the dependent variable; Employee Commitment and each of the independent variables. Table 5.2: Correlation Matrix for Employee Commitment Variable Supervisory Feedback Coworker feedback Role Clarity Commitment Supervisory Feedback 1.000 0.534** 0.123** 0.257** Coworker feedback 0.534** 1.000 0.139** 0.439** Role Clarity 0.123** 0.139** 1.000 0.097** Commitment 0.257** 0.439** 0.097** 1.000 ** p.01 Coworker feedback was most strongly associated with Employee Commitment (0.439), followed by supervisory feedback (0.257) and role clarity (0.097). All relationships were statistically significant at p 0.01. The correlation analysis of employee commitment as shown in table 5.1 indicates that all the associations (between x and y variables) were positive. This signifies that a positive linear relationship exists between x and y variable. Coworker feedback was most strongly related with employee commitment, followed by role clarity and supervisory feedback. All relations were statistically significant at 0.01 levels. 5.3 Regression Analysis The value of R2 was 0.195. The first independent variable, coworker feedback [0.419, P 0.05] made the highest contribution to the model, the findings suggest that the coworkersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ feedback matters most in creating employee commitment. Table 5.3: Regression Analysis of Feedback Environment at workplace (Dependent Variable= Employee Commitment Variable Coefficient Standard Error Standardized Beta Intercept 1.783** 0.262 - Supervisory Feedback 0.029** 0.077 0.029 Coworker feedback 0.388** 0.071 0.419 Role Clarity 0.009** 0.016 0.036 Note: R2= 0.195; F-value=15.803 ** p.05 The second variable, role clarity feedback [0.036, p0.05] was also statistically significant, contributing towards employee commitment. The last variable supervisory feedback (0.029) contributed the least amount towards employee commitment and is statistically significant at p0.05. 5.3 Mediation of Role Clarity As there was no significant difference in the regression results of employee commitment with and without role clarity and the value of R2 0.193 with role clarity being the mediating variable did not have a noteworthy difference therefore; no or very less mediating effect of role clarity in creating employee commitment was found. When studied as a single independent variable with employee commitment; role clarity proved to be contributing notably towards employee commitment 5.4 Graphical Representation of Linear Equations For the purpose of better understanding of relationships between independent and dependent variables for the overall model and the individual relationships between each independent and the dependent variable/s; general linear equations are made and graphically represented. Y= Commitment X1= Supervisor Source X2= Coworker Source X3= Role Clarity X4= Feedback Environment E= Error Term Regression Equation: Y= ÃŽÂ ²o+ÃŽÂ ²1X1+ ÃŽÂ ²2X2+ ÃŽÂ ²3X3+E 5.4.1 Supervisory Feedback vs. Employee Commitment The graph shown below represents the relationship between supervisory feedback and employee commitment. X-axis represents supervisory feed back and Y-axis represents employee commitment. The Graph shows positive correlation between the two variables i.e. if one variable increases; the other variable also increases in the same direction. Y= ÃŽÂ ²o+ ÃŽÂ ²1X1+E Figure 5.1: Supervisory Feedback vs. Employee Commitment 5.4.2 Coworker Feedback vs. Employee Commitment The graph shown below represents the relationship between coworker feedback and employee commitment. X-axis represents coworker feedback and Y-axis represents employee commitment. The Graph shows positive correlation between the two variables i.e. if one variable increases; the other variable also increases in the same direction. Y= ÃŽÂ ²o+ÃŽÂ ²2X2+E Figure 5.2: Coworker Feedback vs. Employee Commitment 5.4.3 Feedback Environment vs. Employee Commitment The graph shown below represents the relationship between feedback environment and employee commitment. X-axis represents feedback environment and y-axis represents employee commitment. The Graph shows positive correlation between the two variables i.e. if one variable increases; the other variable also increases in the same direction. Y= ÃŽÂ ²o+ÃŽÂ ²4X4+E Figure 5.3: Feedback Environment vs. Employee Commitment 5.4.4 Feedback Environment vs. Role clarity The graph shown below represents the relationship between feedback environment and role clarity. X-axis represents feedback environment and y-axis represents role clarity. The Graph shows positive correlation between the two variables i.e. if one variable increases; the other variable also increases in the same direction Y1 = Role Clarity Y1 = ÃŽÂ ²o+ÃŽÂ ²4X4+E Figure 5.4: Feedback Environment vs. Role Clarity 5.4.5 Role Clarity vs. Employee Commitment The graph shown below represents the relationship between role clarity and employee commitment. X-axis represents role clarity and y-axis represents employee commitment. The graph shows positive correlation between the two variables i.e. if one variable increases; the other variable also increases in the same direction Y= ÃŽÂ ²o+ÃŽÂ ²3X3+E Figure 5.5: Role Clarity vs. Employee Commitment 5.4.6 Supervisory Feedback vs. Role Clarity The graph shown below represents the relationship between Supervisory Feedback and Role Clarity. X-axis represents Supervisory Feedback and y-axis represents Role Clarity. The graph shows positive correlation between the two variables i.e. if one variable increases; the other variable also increases in the same direction Y1 = Role Clarity Y3= ÃŽÂ ²o+ÃŽÂ ²1X1+E Figure 5.6: Supervisory Feedback vs. Role Clarity 5.4.7 Coworker Feedback vs. Role Clarity The graph shown below represents the relationship between Coworker Feedback and Role Clarity. X-axis represents Coworker Feedback and y-axis represents Role Clarity. The graph shows positive correlation between the two variables i.e. if one variable increases; the other variable also increases in the same direction Y2 = Role Carity Y3= ÃŽÂ ²o+ÃŽÂ ²2X2+E Figure 5.7: Coworker Feedback vs. Role Clarity Chapter 6 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS The research was based on hypothesis-testing and several hypotheses were proposed to test the relationship between supervisory feedback, coworker feedback (The Feedback Environment), role clarity [independent variables] and employee commitment (dependent variable). The results verified that a positive relationship exists between the independent and dependent variable/s in the model and all seven alternative hypotheses proved to be true. The strongest bonding of employee commitment was found to be with coworker feedback, which is a very important feedback source in organizational context. Role clarity was the second most important variable in creating employee commitment and the third variable causing employee commitment was supervisory feedback. According to the basic model of research, Supervisory and coworker feedback have the dimensions of, source credibility, feedback quality, feedback delivery, favorable feedback, unfavorable feedback, source availability and promote feedback seeking. From the statistical results it can be interpreted that different organizations in Islamabad city are low on each of the seven above-mentioned dimensions with respect to supervisory feedback and the resulting level of commitment with supervisory feedback is low. On the other hand coworker source is more valuable for employees and is substantially rich on each of its dimensions, resultantly contributing a greater amount towards employee commitment. As per the results of the research, Role Clarity also contributed towards employee commitment and was the second strongest variable in causing employee commitment in the overall model, which means that employees must know their jobs in terms of authority, guidelines, expectations and the importance of their job in the achievement of overall organizational objectives. Overall the research suggests that the theoretical model shown in figurer 3.1 represents that feedback environment has a positive impact on employee commitment. From the research it can be derived safely that employees of different organizations in Islamabad city are receiving a low amount and quality of feedback from their supervisors (immediate bosses, departmental or organizational heads) and a relatively higher quality and amount of feedback from their coworkers. Thus, the quality and amount of feedback received by both the sources are critical factors in creating employee commitment. Supervisory and coworker feedback jointly forms the overall feedback environment for an employee to work in, which is a controlled factor and can be improved in a systematic manner. Recommendations Based on the findings of the research named à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the impact of feedback environment on employee commitmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, conducted in Islamabad city, it is recommended that: 6.1 Coworker Feedback: Coworkers are important source of feedback to an employee and he/she gets useful input from them in the form of suggestions, techniques, performance discussions etc; therefore; firms must improve coworkersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ feedback process and the quality of peer-to-peer interactions, which can be done by arranging formal sessions of employees with experienced coworkers or by arranging a formal coaching or mentoring program. In general, a culture of providing feedback on performance should be nurtured, so that it becomes a part of the organization which can cause consistency and proper feedback on various issues ranging from individual performance to organizational productivity and performance. Through formal sessions of feedback training; employees can learn how to provide true feedback, positive and negative feedback and what should be the tone and expressions while providing feedback to others. Such training program should also focus on motivating employees about asking for perfo rmance feedback by themselves instead of waiting for others to provide them feedback. 6.2 Supervisory Feedback The amount and quality of supervisory feedback can be improved by training managers to identify flaws in the feedback culture prevailing in the organization and to provide tools and techniques to them in improving it. Major points to be emphasized in managersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ feedback training should be: Making managers more expert interpersonally in treating their subordinates and being credible to their employees Providing feedback on a consistent basis rather than in formal performance appraisal sessions only Managers should consider their subordinatesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ feelings while providing feedback to them (being empathetic) Favorable and unfavorable feedback should be provided when required or when the situation warrants such feedback Managers should spend more time with their subordinates in order to understand their feedback needs and should make themselves available whenever the feedback is required by their subordinate/s Mangers should encourage their subordinates to ask for performance feedback to improve two-way communication between the two stakeholders 6.3 Role Clarity Though feedback environment serves the purpose of clarifying employees of their roles, however other methods should also be used to have employees clarified their roles, so that they can participate more and more towards organizational improvement. Some of the suggestions to improve the role clarity dimension of an employeeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s job are: Properly written job descriptions Orientation sessions for new employees Formal sessions to clarify organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s vision, mission, goals and policies to its employees Clear performance review standards and criteria Schedules and deadlines for different performance outcomes 6.4 Limitations of the Study The study was conducted in Islamabad city, considering the organizations working within its boundaries. Financial and time constraints did not allow the researchers to expand the sample size beyond 200 respondents. As English is not the first language of the local population, some respondents were unable to understand the questionnaire properly which might have led to responding some questions wrongly. The findings of this study might not be applied to other cities of Pakistan as Islamabad has different corporate culture as compared with other cities of the country. 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Supervisory behavior, role stress, and the job satisfaction of industrial salespeople; Journal of marketing research, 20, 84-91. Tubre, T., Collins, J. M. (2000). A meta-analytic review of the relationship between role stress and job performance. Journal of Management, 26, 155-169. Vredenburgh, D.J., Trinkaus, R.J. (1983). An analysis of role stress among hospital nurses, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 23, 82-95. Williams, J. R., Miller, C., Steelman, L. A. Levy, P. E. (1999). Increasing feedback seeking in public contexts: It takes two (or more) to tango. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84, 969-976.

How to Use App Transfer Essay Samples

How to Use App Transfer Essay SamplesIf you are planning to use app transfer essay samples, it would be a wise idea to review the tips and suggestions that have been provided in this article. Doing so will help you to come up with effective questions that will help you in asking your reader on how he feels about these essays.It is always a good idea to include a question in your essay to let the reader know that you are asking a question for him. You can do this by asking questions regarding the purpose of the essay and if he understands the essay properly, then you need to clarify some parts. By doing so, you can help him understand the scope of the essay very well.After reviewing the tips and suggestions related to the use of common app transfer essay examples, it is a good idea to provide a summary of the entire essay. This will also make it possible for the reader to follow the next sections and will also make it easier for him to understand the essay. The best thing about provid ing the summary is that you can also use this to make him understand the general topics in the essay.While using app transfer essay examples, it is always a good idea to provide the information in the essay in such a way that it is clear and understandable. The tips mentioned above will also be helpful in providing the basic knowledge about the essay and will help you decide whether or not the information provided is sufficient or not. If he does not agree, you can always refer to the other sections in the essay and may also include the topic of discussion in it. Thus, providing an outline is a very good option in writing an app transfer essay.The first tip in using app transfer essay examples is to determine whether or not the information provided is relevant or not. You can do this by going through the essay carefully. This will ensure that you will be able to understand itbetter as compared to writing it without any reference.The second tip is to add the section where you explain the purpose of the essay to which the common app transfer essay examples are related to. Thereafter, you can provide the information about the topic and the technique in using these samples. After the conclusion, you can give the final info about the essay. However, you can always include the conclusion in the essay as a part of a conclusion as this is an easy and comfortable option for the readers.While using app transfer essay examples, you should remember that the essay can easily be rewritten in case you find some information in the sample which is not appropriate for the information that you provide in the essay. The best thing about the essay is that it can be revised once you have added or deleted the information that you found is not accurate or is not relevant.When writing the essay, you can also get help from the common app transfer essay examples. This will help you to gain knowledge as well as to improve your skills while writing and understanding the essay. These are t he tips that will help you in writing app transfer essay samples.

Helpful Horror Film Research Tips

<h1>Helpful Horror Film Research Tips</h1><p>Horror film examine is an extraordinary method to find out about various types of blood and gore movies. You might need to explore about explicit kinds of thrillers. It is additionally essential to look into about how the film became or what the fate of the class will be. Some exploration includes understanding books and articles that clarify the historical backdrop of the class or the historical backdrop of loathsomeness films.</p><p></p><p>Writing a paper that incorporates looking into about the movies you will expound on will give you a great deal of training recorded as a hard copy. At the point when you don't have the foggiest idea about a thing about the subject, it very well may be hard to expound on it. In any case, when you know about what is associated with the subject, it will be a lot simpler to investigate and expound on it.</p><p></p><p>In request to make an al arming paper, you should ensure that you look into everything about the point that you mean to expound on. The least demanding approach to complete this is to utilize a catchphrase search. A catchphrase search can permit you to limit your subject and discover the things that you need. It can likewise assist you with finding the data you need at once.</p><p></p><p>To make a frightening paper, you should begin by finding out about the themes that are pertinent to the one you are expounding on. There are a wide range of kinds of unnerving subjects and some of them will be more engaging than others. For instance, you could decide to expound on the historical backdrop of the film or the best blood and gore movies from an earlier time. The best thing about these points is that they require no involvement with composing or research. You can find out about them essentially by looking into the points on the Internet.</p><p></p><p>There are nume rous other frightening subjects that you can investigate too. A few models incorporate zombies, sequential executioners, and vampire fantasies. By examining and finding out about every one of these subjects, you will have the option to expound on them in a successful way. When you have expounded on every one of the themes, you can proceed onward to looking into and finding out about the following point that you will compose about.</p><p></p><p>One of the best things about investigating and expounding on terrifying exploration paper subjects is that you can learn new data. At the point when you are examining something, you will see that it requires a wide range of sorts of aptitudes so as to expound on it. A portion of these aptitudes incorporate the capacity to investigate the point, composing aptitudes, and the capacity to understand data. These things will be significant for you to have so as to expound on the point effectively.</p><p></p> <p>By finding out about the different subjects that are identified with startling paper themes, you will have the option to compose a compelling terrifying paper. Also, you will figure out how to compose a startling paper without depending on any other person to compose for you. You can expound on the point alone and afterward compose the paper dependent on the data that you found out about the subject. This is ideal for the individuals who have no information on the most proficient method to compose or for the individuals who essentially don't have the opportunity to write.</p><p></p><p>If you are composing an alarming paper, it is urgent that you look into it completely. Doing research for an alarming paper is important on the off chance that you need to figure out how to viably expound on the subject. Investigating will permit you to compose a terrifying paper without depending on any other person to compose for you.</p>

The Battle Over Movie Essay Writing Template and How to Win It

<h1> The Battle Over Movie Essay Writing Template and How to Win It </h1> <p>A spellbinding article is a kind of paper that is composed to portray an individual, spot, object, or a capacity. The few kinds of analysts can give various types of composing, which is something which is acceptable in an industry that is quickly turning out to be over-immersed. Cataclysmic events and plagues are a result of man. </p> <p>Essay composing can be fairly a test. Both framework and suitable substance are significant so as to have a decent paper. Paper composing aptitudes is a hard and tedious endeavor. Article plot layout is a ground-breaking strategy to play out the procedure better. </p> <p>It's unimaginable not to shed the chief point and sensible stream of thoughts without having a composing plan. Continuously make sure to view the survey my paper area of any composing administration site you're considering utilizing. When expounding on an instance of a profile exposition about somebody who's not notable incorporate enough subtleties that will empower your peruser to gain a thought regarding what you're introducing. A layout is a piece of the composition as it empowers the author remain engaged and reliable with the main point. </p> <h2> The New Angle On Movie Essay Writing Template Just Released </h2> <p>A profile paper is accepted to be without a doubt the most provoking article to compose, just with the proper assets and information, it transforms into a stroll in the recreation center. From that point onward, clarify who will be particularly inspired by it. Simply visit the hunt field, put in your point and understand the rundown of expositions gathered from our site. </p> <p>First of all, you must see the film. Notwithstanding the basic actuality there are numerous film fans around, most of the people feel battled when it has to do with making a wonderful film audit as it includes thinkin g about a given film from different points. As you examine the film, you start to watch it all the more mindfully. Examine the manner in which the film thinks about to past movies on the indistinguishable point. </p> <p>You may consider any Movie Essay which has been composed on any popular film, and which is definitely justified even despite a notice. Film Essay additionally empowers you to know about the craft of film making also. In spite of the fact that it's a famous film, many have not seen it, yet Do the perfect Thing papers are frequently relegated. You can promptly locate an elegantly composed Movie Essay on the web, and in case you're truly intrigued, you may even get a film exposition on the web. </p> <h2> Things You Won't Like About Movie Essay Writing Template and Things You Will</h2> <p>Movie Essay is a noteworthy topic of conversation in an assortment of schools of film, situated in different components of the planet, and assessed b y eminent producers and pundits. You may see that it's a troublesome activity to shoot an awesome film so you can feel more regard to individuals associated with the presentation of movies. Despite the fact that motion pictures frequently acquire components from a few sorts, there's constantly a foremost kind that wins. Watching motion pictures is my preferred side interest. </p> <p>An article layout makes it conceivable to characterize the point of your exposition and remain with it. Again, you imagine as though you don't have an exposition you need to complete to get through the class. Both principle sorts are the significant article and the hypothetical paper. </p> <h2> Choosing Good Movie Essay Writing Template</h2> <p>You need to do the exploration and execute a magnificent composing style just as a fitting paper organizing. Anyway straightforward it might look, it's despite everything genuine that you ought to follow explicit organizing and composing prerequisites. Different people use the layout to work out their scene data, at that point create a briefer scene plot with just one section for each scene (like the pivotal focuses in their passages). An article format is a guide which guarantees your methodology is right and that you don't go amiss from the essential purpose.</p> <p>The contention that capacities as the premise of your paper should be made by giving proof and supporting subtleties. An exposition must be made out of a presentation, a body, and an end. Recall that the central nature of an assessment exposition is the convergence of your assessment all around your point of view. In the event that you wish to form an assessment article and get high evaluations, you will make certain to require a program! </p> <h2>Whispered Movie Essay Writing Template Secrets </h2> <p>From a heavenly model you may choose the norms that the writer has utilized in her or his composition. Rec ollect a powerful paper is basically an impression of your convictions or assessments. An exposition diagram is a gathering of thoughts and thoughts pertinent to the subject issue. Investigate the following online journal to discover increasingly about composing a proposition proclamation with models. </p> <h2> Movie Essay Writing Template for Dummies </h2> <p>Though there are heaps of techniques to compose this kind of article, start with this framework, and you'll be in acceptable structure. A decent layout is basic to guaranteeing understudies follow the regular article composing structure and stay on theme. Beneath you can find an example article layout structure to have a superior thought on how best to sort out your own framework. It's likewise shrewd to experience the paper layout to learn more regarding the matter of exposition structure ones your framework is completed.</p> <p>Essay composing models in doc group like the ones given may he lp lead you recorded as a hard copy an awesome arrangement. Books, magazines, and diaries are two or three models it is conceivable to use. Prior to composing your article, you should think about the format. Discover increasingly about the bare essential's of the correct paper group in this enlightening article. </p> <p>Occasionally it just assists with seeing how others have handled papers previously. In outrageous occasions, you can rework completed papers. All papers must be composed withproper formating. Most articles have a similar kind of structure however there are different assortments of expositions. </p> <h2> Lies You've Been Told About Movie Essay Writing Template</h2> <p>Write about emotional camera work in the occasion the investigation is managing an area of the film shot from the perspective of one of the characters. Make a rundown of the entirety of the components that you need to have in your film survey layout before you make it on your PC. The presentation involves the name of the movie and the executive's name. It is the most engaging method of how to begin a film survey, and contains the synopsis of the film and conclusion that will be expressed. </p> <h2>Movie Essay Writing Template at a Glance </h2> <p>Movie Review Essay may likewise be discovered on the web. A film survey composing guide gives the essayist directions about how to form a film audit. At the point when you should discover free data in regards to a film or eatery, you'll be looking for audits on the web. A film audit structure can furthermore have a proposal. </p>

Tips on Taking a PTEC Examination

<h1>Tips on Taking a PTEC Examination</h1><p>The best part about taking a PTEC assessment is that there are several distinct subjects that you can browse. There are subjects, for example, American History, Medieval Studies, Korean Language, Criminal Justice, Law and Medicine.</p><p></p><p>For model, American History is a point that ranges from the earliest starting point to its present. It contains the lives of a few well known figures including the individuals who made ready for America, the significant wars that have happened, and the present issues that impact our lives today. There are numerous subjects that you can look over for this subject.</p><p></p><p>One thing that you should recollect when you take these tests is that you can pick subjects identified with one of the fields referenced previously. For instance, in the event that you decide to take a subject, for example, Law, it's anything but a difficulty to take a theme in Medieval Studies. They are only two instances of themes that you can choose from. Simply ensure that you have altogether arranged out the subjects that you need to take with the goal that you remember any of them.</p><p></p><p>As long as you have the subjects arranged, the rest will be simpler for you. This is on the grounds that you will have something to expound on for your article topics.</p><p></p><p>When you pick a theme for your PTEC test, ensure that you know about all the subjects that you have picked. A portion of the subjects may appear to be simple from the start, yet there will be times when you will battle a ton. You can request help from your educator in the event that you find that you need some pointers.</p><p></p><p>However, don't let the assistance of your teacher debilitate you on the grounds that most probable the individual is anything but a local English speaker. There are h eaps of individuals that show unknown dialects who can get you out with your theme. You should simply request help. For your best outcomes when taking a PTEC assessment, ensure that you have arranged out the subjects that you need to take. From that point onward, begin composing your paper themes and start the groundwork for it.</p>

Writing About Your Educational Goals

<h1>Writing About Your Educational Goals</h1><p>So you need to expound on your instructive objectives? Right now is an ideal opportunity to discover what you truly need to accomplish throughout everyday life and what you truly need to accomplish in your training. On the off chance that you need to expound on your instructive objectives you have to plunk down and make sense of what it is that you genuinely need to do, at that point you can begin to think about what you need to accomplish in life.</p><p></p><p>Now you will expound on your instructive objectives, yet the main thing you have to do is to plunk down and think about what it is that you truly need to do. After you plunk down and consider this, at that point you have to compose an announcement of precisely what you need to do. After you have done this, at that point you have to compose an announcement of what you are acceptable at and what you have experience with.</p><p>& lt;/p><p>You should consider these things when you begin to expound on your instructive objectives. After you have wrapped up your announcements of what you need to do, at that point you have to begin to think about the things that you have involvement in. After you have thought about these things, at that point you will comprehend what you truly need to do and what you truly need to accomplish in life.</p><p></p><p>Now you should make sense of what it is that you need to accomplish throughout everyday life. You need to accomplish bliss and satisfaction throughout everyday life. This is a smart thought in such a case that you get each of the three of these things that you will be glad. You won't just be cheerful, however you will likewise be upbeat in the manner that you take a gander at life.</p><p></p><p>Now you will need to expound on how you got to where you are today. You might need to return to your instructive objective s and discussion about what you realized in school, yet in the event that you are searching for a triumph and bliss throughout everyday life, at that point you should expound on what you can do to help yourself in any capacity that you can.</p><p></p><p>If you begin to expound on what you are acceptable at and the things that you have involvement in, at that point you will begin to turn out to be better at doing what you need to do. You will begin to figure out how to be effective in any field that you are keen on. You will need to discover the things that you have to do to be effective in life.</p><p></p><p>Now that you have composed what you needed to accomplish throughout everyday life, at that point you should begin doing these things. After you have begun doing these things, at that point you will need to do some exploration and begin to get some answers concerning different things that you can do to be fruitful throughout everyda y life. These things will assist you with coming to your instructive goals.</p>

Sample Periodization Essay

Sample Periodization EssayOne of the hardest things in writing an essay is coming up with a sample periodization essay. It takes creativity, imagination and time to come up with one that has some depth. The question is, however, how do you make this possible? First off, think about the goals you have for your sample periodization essay.One important part of a sample periodization essay is deciding what type of essay you are going to be writing. Does it have to be academic or is it a personal story? Is it science or literature? In this way, you can structure the essay accordingly. If you have several interests, then the essay will be easier to write and will be more enjoyable.By choosing a genre, you can also structure your writing to fit into a specific periodization plan. For example, if you are writing a periodization essay for an athlete, you should start by outlining the training and recuperation of the athlete in relation to season. You can then follow this with a description of the athletic process of the athlete and any limitations or challenges he or she may face in the process.A sample periodization essay can also be an overview of training and recuperation in relation to competition. There should be a focus on the training process during the preseason or offseason and how it affects the overall performance of the athlete. A sample periodization essay can also cover motivation in relation to training and recovery and how this affects performance. This could include motivating events, events of competition and factors related to training.You should also consider how the athlete's environment may affect training and recuperation. By taking all of these things into consideration, you will be able to craft a well-written essay.Another aspect of your sample periodization essay is to take time to look at your individual life. Consider the steps and processes that you have taken to get to where you are today. Write an outline of your childhood and young adult hood, as well as all of the events that happened during these years.Think about the obstacles that you faced in all of your individual situations. Be sure to include things like having to overcome a phobia, overcoming a lack of self confidence, and getting your first job. You can use these as examples of strengths and weaknesses that you now have.Writing a sample periodization essay can be fun and interesting. Take your time and just write what comes to mind. When you are finished, make sure that you have a well-structured, well-written essay that has a point to it and that you feel that it is well-researched.

Looking For Essay Examples For Your Nursing Application?

<h1>Looking For Essay Examples For Your Nursing Application?</h1><p>As part of a functioning nursing program, you will need to present your nursing application exposition tests. You are not just composing your own announcement and resume; you should be very solid and steady in submitting them to different nursing occupations. A candidate paper test is one of the most significant pieces of the procedure for those looking for employment.</p><p></p><p>Nursing application exposition tests will be given to you by a nearby vocation community. This will fill in as a manual for your writing in these kinds of articles. When applying to nursing, it is imperative to make sure to have the option to unmistakably express your qualities, shortcomings, objectives, and experiences.</p><p></p><p>Writing a nursing application paper test must start with setting up a lot of data on the different viewpoints that are generally pertinent to t he nursing procedure. Remember that the objective of composing these articles is to feature what makes you exceptionally qualified for this specific position. Your resume will keep on being engaged upon the subtleties of the nursing procedure and the eventual benefits of the patient.</p><p></p><p>Prior to this, you should as of now have the entirety of the data you have to make an incredible first draft. You may wish to take an exercise on making your own resume in the event that you are bad at thinking of a decent composing style, this is a possibility for you.</p><p></p><p>The exposition can assist you with recognizing significant inquiries that you may have about the nursing business. It will assist you with revealing explicit inquiries you may have about the genuine nursing work. Since you will have experienced the data required in the application procedure, you ought to have the option to utilize this to give yourself the most obv ious opportunity to excel.</p><p></p><p>After finishing this, you can proceed with the job explicit data, for example, the qualities and encounters you will give. This should all be nitty gritty in an educational and succinct way. Commonly, the application article tests will have various example letters you can use in their place.</p><p></p><p>If you do choose to utilize your own example letters, you should survey the entirety of the data cautiously before starting your paper. Keep in mind, these articles won't be utilized to cover all the points of interest about the application procedure. There are numerous different ways you can concoct subtleties for these papers, so it is in every case great to have some foundation information.</p>

Microeconomics Research Paper Topics

Microeconomics Research Paper TopicsMicroeconomics research paper topics involve areas of study and research to examine the theory of the economic activities of a community or sector. In essence, this is a field that studies the actions of an individual, organization, or institution, but the research has more to do with the factors affecting the economy, as opposed to an individual's actions. This will be the main focus of any microeconomics research paper.Microeconomics research paper topics can be very extensive, in that there are many different areas to look at. For example, there are many different types of monopolies, such as those found in foreign countries that practice socialist economics. There are also corporate monopolies, where an organization controls a certain segment of the market. In addition, there are some macroeconomic indicators that influence each area.There are many different researchers that look at the different areas of microeconomics. Such research has many different aspects to it. For example, there are those who look at the effect of high prices, others look at how individual behavior can affect the economy, while still others analyze the theories behind the overall economy, along with the interactions that occur within it.There are a wide variety of areas to research and identify microeconomics research paper topics. However, this type of research should always focus on the fundamentals of the topic itself. If an economic theory is fully examined and analyzed, it is a good indication that the microeconomics research is a success.There are many different ways to measure economic activity, such as the value of a product or service, the growth of a company, and the total number of people employed in the country. All of these factors can greatly affect the economy and create rents for individuals or businesses. These can be small amounts of money, while the rents could be the difference between success and failure.Rent seeking occurs wh en there is a conflict between two parties regarding something. The conflict occurs when one party that does not have enough of the object, which they seek, in order to remain in the market. These can include such things as public goods, for example, which have no price. This causes a situation where both parties receive the object without the other party being able to buy it.Rent seeking can also occur when an individual or business feels as if they can charge whatever they want for a product or service. Since these firms have the market for their products or services, they are able to charge whatever they want. Unfortunately, this can result in a lower quality product or service for consumers and a higher price for the firm. This then creates a problem, because a company will be unable to make a profit in the long run, due to the same products being sold by competitors.Rent seeking can be considered as a form of monopoly, as a company has control over a certain segment of the mark et. A local fire department for example, has the ability to decide when the fire alarm will go off in a certain building, at a certain time, and what kind of equipment is used. The same cannot be said for the federal government, since they do not have the right to control this action.