Business strstegy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business strstegy - Essay Example In such evolving condition, it is must for the associations and the foundations to have enough adaptability and flexibility inside the approaches and techniques of such bodies with the goal that the changing terms can be effectively instilled. Such adaptability and flexibility has gotten the key for the supportable development and advancement of the associations and organizations. Ranger service Commission was built up in England in the time of 1919 through the death of the Forestry Act. The prime explanation of the foundation of such Commission was planned for providing the much required lumbers that were in shortage in those years as a result of the mechanical upset and the First World War. The legislature of England theorized another war sooner rather than later and suspected it was important to have appropriate gracefully of lumber. The optional explanation of the arrangement of such Commission was to guarantee work in the rustic economy as a result of the changed political conditions and furthermore to give work to the warriors those have recently come back from the war. In this way, to serve such a large number of the destinations the Forestry Commission was detailed which till as of late was heavily influenced by the ex-armed force men and all the more critically followed the authoritative structure like that of the military. The structure was basically a top-down one with much accentuation on the highlights like hierarchy of leadership and request from the top. With the evolving times, the job of the Forestry Commission additionally experienced change in outlook. The division of the legislature that came in to presence with the end goal of lumber creation and country business was squeezed by the administration during the 70s and 80s to teach hierarchical productivity like different branches of the administration. The Forestry Commission likewise had certain interior clashes. There was an unmistakable distinction among the hierarchical progression coming about in ‘them’ and ‘us’. The individuals who were the field

Quadrant under Which MDCM Falls in Accenture IT Governance Model Case Study - 1

Quadrant under Which MDCM Falls in Accenture IT Governance Model - Case Study Example This was the consequence of lacking and ill-advised data innovation execution in the tasks of the organization (Jeffery, M and Norton, J. F, â€Å"IT Strategy Synchronization†). The paper will consider the disappointment of the data innovation rehearsed in the organization. The paper is additionally proposed to furnish with the vital objectives of the firm and the examination of the serious condition of MDCM Inc. The Accenture IT Governance Model empowers to look at the way an organization’s data innovation based capacity makes esteem expansion to the association by the thought the two components for example ‘basis for serious advantage’ and ‘rate of progress in an organization’. Comparable to the case, it tends to be seen that MDCM falls under data integrators. It has been recognized that there was lower-pace of-progress in the association. The association principally contended on the base of item/administration separation. The administration of the ‘information integrators’ by and large hope to utilize data so as to improve their dynamic procedure. The data is relied upon to be utilized so as to make new items just as administrations. The administration of MDCM likewise looked for utilization of data so as to settle on their dynamic the procedure quicker, which would, thusly, empower them to upgrade operational proficiency and lessen the expense of activities (Jeffery, M. and Norton, J. F, â€Å"IT Strategy Synchronization†). One of the fundamental vital objectives of MDCM was to lessen the creation cost which was seen to be an additional cost of the organization. The organization was seen as ailing in making legitimate game plan in its operational procedure which impaired the organization to contact with the auxiliaries adequately. The fundamental objective of the organization stands to be resolved in encouraging a smooth progression of data. The organization needs to upgrade its productivity by diminishing its additional costs. The organization is seen to follow an outdated email framework. The new suited heritage framework ‘Horizon 2000’ was seen to expand the organization costs adding to the costs of the organization (Jeffery, M. and Norton, J. F, â€Å"IT Strategy Synchronization†).â â

An Essay on the Symbolic Language of Dreams

<h1>An Essay on the Symbolic Language of Dreams</h1><p>In this extract from an article on the representative language of dreams, the author clarifies how he got mindful of dream images and the implications behind them. He calls attention to that the fantasies we experience every night have some critical implying that is in excess of a fortuitous event. There is a shrouded message implanted in our oblivious psyche, which we should translate before we can comprehend why they occur, and what they mean.</p><p></p><p>When we dream, we are searching internally, utilizing language that is intended to speak with ourselves, with our inner mind. Numerous individuals don't accept that we can speak with our internal brain, that it isn't a piece of our spirit. However, to them, these inward discussions happen through dreams. Actually, the fantasy ace, an individual who can speak with the internal psyche, has been known to encounter oblivious dreams. Our c ognizance must be at a point during the time spent making another idea all together for this correspondence to take place.</p><p></p><p>In numerous cases, the individual who dreams a specific dream will frequently utilize it as a guide to the essayist in their composing profession. Their fantasies may assist them with learning new words, new implications, or the correct mentality for a given situation.</p><p></p><p>Words and implications are surely a type of enchantment. At the point when we dream, we are utilizing words, composing on our oblivious psyche and shouting to our cognizant brain to translate what we are stating. We may even call the oblivious psyche to enable us to choose what to compose and whether to compose at all.</p><p></p><p>To handle what is said in the fantasy, there are some basic expressions that happen regularly in our fantasies. This is on the grounds that there are some regular prime exa mples that are basic to the numerous fantasies wehave. For instance, the visionary may wind up in a wonderful or enchanted spot that the person is infatuated with. They may likewise be in a horrible or risky spot, maybe loaded up with dread and death.</p><p></p><p>The author may be in the assortment of somebody who is an adversary of the visionary, somebody who detests that person or has terrible aims. Or on the other hand the author may be in a different universe, a physical spot that isn't their own, however it was detracted from him or her.</p><p></p><p>One of the reasons why numerous individuals battle to comprehend what images mean is on the grounds that they can't peruse the images obviously in their fantasies. Be that as it may, when they figure out how to peruse the images in their fantasies, they start to see the various bits of the riddle. We as a whole think about the odd pictures in the psyche, the messages that are being c omposed everywhere throughout the cerebrum, yet this doesn't imply that all the images are deliberately composed, or that they are being perused in the dream.</p><p></p><p>In actuality, you may state that all the images and pictures are disregarded in the brain, and that the words and implications are simply basic pieces of the example being utilized by the brain to make a psychological picture. So at the end of the day, all that we see is more than what we deliberately compose. Yet, so as to open up your psyche to this wonder, you should figure out how to peruse images in your fantasies. When you know the implications of the images, you can see all the images, and in this way everything that is going on in your life.</p>

The Unusual Secret of Random Topics to Write about College Essay

<h1> The Unusual Secret of Random Topics to Write about College Essay</h1> <h2>Random Topics to Write about College Essay for Dummies </h2> <p>Academic composing is the establishment of your general composing capacities. On the off chance that you accept your proposal explanation hasn't yet settled all the focuses you have to cover in the examination, reword it. Schools and colleges wouldn't exist without understudies so the obligation of the school confirmations office is basic to the decent variety and monetary strength of any college. Numerous understudies don't have any thought what it is despite the fact that it's a run of the mill task. </p> <p>Nevertheless, the key to a prosperous examination paper is association. You will in a matter of seconds find the official information about us. Make rules of what you might want to do in your exploration. The mystery is to run over various methods to have understudies engaged with conceptualizing thoughts and conveying them to paper. </p> <h2> Random Topics to Write about College Essay - Is it a Scam?</h2> <p>The cost of an exposition relies on the aggregate sum of exertion the author needs to apply. At first you ought to be sure there is a snare in order to snare the perusers, compose a concise diverting story which should be followed be a postulation proclamation. You are probably going to be offered a paper on pretty much any subject at a particular cost. Just an entire Essay format can flexibly you with all the subtleties you should find out about. </p> <p>Anyway, you can peruse the tributes of our customers. Reality that somebody can really procure an assistance provider that could give you high top notch expositions is something that you can't ever discover anyplace. Our professionals will compassionately answer all of your inquiries. Furthermore, a client may solicit the essayist to submit part from the activity for survey and, if necessary, request that her or him make adjustments. </p> <p>Go through the creative cycle like you are thinking of one of the most critical articles of your life. There are several extraordinary systems to article making. You can rely upon the perfect article help on the web. Evaluate some of these themes. </p> <p>The larger part of the schools use the run of the mill application exposition prompts. It's easy to go over understudies not seeing how to compose school application papers. The understudies only need to focus on the most significant subject of the paper and choose which opening line to be utilized for the article. Shockingly, numerous understudies don't discover how to get the best sources. </p> <p>If your article is to be illustrative, guarantee that you're very much educated about the subject. You may gain a thought for a beginning stage in your article. Uncovers you need to convey best custom school to deliver a contention composing review. In the occasion the understudies are going up against any issue with the punctuation rules, at that point they have to get a sentence structure guide or attempt some low maintenance on-line language classes. </p> <p>For everybody that are beginning to make expositions, there are specific principles or thoughts that may permit them to shape a best article. On the off chance that there's an occasion or a specific festival in school, the discourse theme you select should respect the significance of that specific occasion. To make an incredible discussion, it's critical to keep the crowd who get included and get last decision. The decision is needy chiefly regarding the matter and the educator's inclination. </p> <p>In precisely the same vein, attempt to recall that anyone ought to be able to peruse your paper and have it bode well. Unreasonable cleverness can be awful especially when it is twisted. Your internal universe of thoughts and emotions is similarly as critical to the article as the genuine occasions that occurred, so ensure you don't forget about it. Extra it's imperative to give all subjects and themes genuine consideration, anyway unimportant they may appear to grown-ups. </p> <h2> What the In-Crowd Won't Tell You About Random Topics to Write about College Essay</h2> <p>Essay composing is a basic piece of the program. You don't have to purchase a Sample article, as it's totally free. Additionally, use all the scratch paper you need. Some of the time however, only a portion of a Sample exposition may support you. </p> <h2> The Meaning of Random Topics to Write about College Essay </h2> <p>Write about something which you wish yo u could state to someone else. You're endeavoring to clarify your thoughts in a manner they'd without a doubt comprehend. Picking your own theme is in reality a phenomenal thing. It is better that your very own saint be somebody you have known by and by and has wonderfully affected your life. </p>

Essay Writing Software

<h1>Essay Writing Software</h1><p>Writing an exposition utilizing a Writing Essay Simulator is the most ideal approach to begin with your vocation in the expressive arts field. These product bundles have been around for a long time, and they give astounding apparatuses to assist you with composing an article in the most brief measure of time conceivable. Also, the product bundles are very easy to understand and they accompany numerous instruments to assist you with organizing your essay.</p><p></p><p>For the correct programming project to be utilized for paper composing, you should ensure that it is liberated from any programming mistakes. Programming blunders that you experience can make the whole procedure of exposition composing troublesome, particularly in the event that you don't get your work done and are curious about the product program. The vast majority of the expert exposition composing programming projects will accompany an audit or bolster group prepared to help you in the event that you have any questions.</p><p></p><p>The highlights that come standard with composing article test system incorporate, however are not constrained to; a test composing territory, a choice to see the paper you just made, an alternative to make an instructional exercise of the material you are going to cover, a choice to set your own composing style, a choice to keep tabs on your development, a choice to include your own remarks and recommendations, and a choice to permit others to remark on your exposition. There are a wide range of kinds of paper composing programming programs accessible available today. They shift in cost, just as highlights that are remembered for each program.</p><p></p><p>These test systems accompany some product that is intended to assist you with improving your composing abilities. What's more, they accompany a lot of different projects that will give you a compressed lesson in the stuff to get ready for school. Despite the fact that it might appear it, you won't be required to utilize these projects for the entirety of your classwork. Be that as it may, in the event that you are anticipating taking an English structure course, at that point you should search for a program that will assist you with upgrading your composed relational abilities and composing style.</p><p></p><p>In expansion to the Essay Simulatorsoftware program, there are numerous quality programming programs that will assist you with building your composing portfolio. These projects are intended to permit you to compose a paper on an assortment of points utilizing your aptitudes, thoughts, and abilities as an author. A portion of the projects are like various kinds of composing assignments you may discover at the school bookstore.</p><p></p><p>What makes the article composing programming a great deal more engaging than ge nuine books, diaries, or diaries at the book shop is that these product programs have intelligent highlights. You can perceive how different understudies in your segment are reacting to the article that you are right now dealing with. You can compose surveys, questions, and proposals about the exposition that you are composing. You can likewise utilize your PC to assist you with making and configuration your essay.</p><p></p><p>The Writing Essay Simulator programming programs are not just the most ideal approach to begin on your composing vocation, yet they are an extraordinary instrument to assist you with improving your composing capacities. With the numerous highlights remembered for these projects, you will have the option to compose a paper rapidly and adequately, and you will perceive how the composing style and words that you use will impact the manner in which you are seen by the reader.</p>

What the Pros Are Not Saying About Problem Solution Essay Samples Pdf and What It Means For You

<h1> What the Pros Are Not Saying About Problem Solution Essay Samples Pdf and What It Means For You </h1> <p>How to stop alcoholic driving and passings due to it You get the opportunity to make a distinction by methods for your exposition. There are loads of issues, even on your own grounds, which should be settled. A difficult that we're targeting illuminating can emerge out of a choice of sources, including our lives. The essential issue looked by more unfortunate nations because of mind channel, in fields like medication and training, is that they'll battle to concoct and think that its difficult to improve their economy along with day to day environments. </p> <h2> The Hidden Secret of Problem Solution Essay Samples Pdf</h2> <p>In request to see how to create an issue arrangement exposition, you need to recognize what kind of paper it's first. To locate the best grade, you need to be certain that you fathom the question and sort out your paper effectively. Else, it will crush the capacity of the paper itself, and that is to help settle an issue. For an issue arrangement exposition, start by rehashing the enormous issue. </p> <p>You have the chance to get any impact by methods for your article. Recollect your paper is tied in with tackling issues, in this way an answer should be a feature of the exposition. All you will require is a straightforward theme. Subsequently, you've been furnished with the most straightforward point for issue arrangement papers, you can pick any on of the previously mentioned and start composing your exposition right away. </p> <p>You will get an uncommon composition of the most extreme quality you'll have the option to envision! Accordingly, you must be very cautious while suggesting the thoughts. To put it in an unexpected way, composing with no heading would amount to nothing, and that is the motivation behind why a point is the perfect establishment you can envision as an author. Moreover, when composing an article, also it is required to take a gander at picking a point that has a suitable or down to earth arrangement. </p> <p>After every one of the, a generally excellent issue arrangement paper comprehends instantaneousness on the bit of the perusers to manage the issue recognized. At the very same time, guarantee each new point coherently brings about the resulting one. As an approach to utilize progress words all the more viably, the creator ought to know about what they are and when to use it suitably. To persuade perusers to follow up on the issue, he can likewise incorporate pot ential results if the issue isn't settled in the fastest conceivable time. </p> <h2>The New Fuss About Problem Solution Essay Samples Pdf </h2> <p>Companies should likewise help their on location IT security frameworks to win extortion and hacking substantially more testing by embraced exhaustive audits of their current frameworks for shortcomings. Recognizing an issue and proposing at least one arrangements should be an essential component in your article. Future aftereffects of the issue can be used as influence for the source of inspiration. Another significant issue is the advancement of web misrepresentation and hacking. </p> <p>You can give your very own occasion understanding or a few realities which will assist you with depicting the issue all the more clearly. You simply need a couple of issues as recall you don't have a ton of time and you need to explain the challenges. To most of controls and callings, critical thinking is a basic tech nique for intuition. Portray your concern in great detail. </p> <p>The absolute best issue arrangement expositions will deliver a sentiment of direness and lead the peruser to get keen on unraveling the issue. The presentation distinguishes the issue. When you've picked a theme, depict the issue in detail. Autocorrect understands the issue of messaging language in articles. </p> <p>During the span of your scholarly vocation, regardless of whether at school or college, you'll presumably need to compose a minumum of one issue arrangement exposition. Likewise with different articles, individuals every now and again find that it's extremely difficult to pick a point especially when the teacher requests that understudies produce their own themes. At last, don't commit a continuous error a lot of understudies make in the finishing up section. Each understudy should be required to spend a minumum of one semester abroad to advance resilience. </p> <h2> Problem Solution Essay Samples Pdf - the Conspiracy</h2> <p>I f you're composing an influential paper, make sure to give reasons why one arrangement is the perfect choice. The more explicit an issue, the more plausible it will have clear and explicit arrangement. The cure is the part that gives a solid method to tackle the issue. State issue and disclose why it should be made sense of. </p> <p>As you compose your concern arrangement article, you'll have to remember that there's more than 1 answer for any issue. Explain to your perusers why your answer is the best choice out of the remainder of the arrangements. Continuously give solid arrangement and elucidate to your peruser why it's the perfect arrangement. Your peruser should realize that your answer isn't only the best from some other arrangement. be that as it may, it is practical, plausible and so forth </p>

The Journey of Faith - Free Essay Example

Every story ever told and every life ever lived has included elements of good and evil. In a stereotypical story, the main character endures a struggle between the wicked and the honorable†whether it be internal or external. Through hardships, self-discovery, grit, and strength, the protagonist generally manages to pull off a miracle and rid their respective world of the evil that perverted it. As real people are living out the stories of their life, what is it that separates the good from the bad? The wicked from the righteous? Ultimately, one thing becomes the deciding factor in the conflict between the dark and the light, and that is the faith of the character. Whatever it is that an individual has faith in† whether it is faith in humanity, themselves, people, the world, a single person, or a supreme being of some kind, the choice to have faith or not to have faith determines a persons character. When faith is chosen, it becomes the sledgehammer to smash the face of the evil that keeps popping up back into the hole it came from. True faith is the key to taking the evil out of a person and out of the world. One of the most immediate, innate connections one makes upon hearing the word faith is that with God. God is believed by an incredibly large group of people to be the only one who can change a persons heart and help them become victors over the adversary. Gods role in the internal battle between good and evil is exceptionally shown in a novel written by Yann Martel. In his internationally celebrated book Life of Pi, the main character, Pi, embarks on a life-altering journey that changes his perspective forever. He interacts with different characters and endures treacherous experiences and loneliness that, in any interpretation of the story, become a part of him. Pi is an avidly adamant believer of God, and as he and his actions reiterate constantly throughout the book, Pi knows and loves him deeply and personally. Pis life on a boat in the middle of the Pacific Ocean was not, in any stretch of reality, easy. He described one of his experiences this way, I was giving up. I would have given up†if a voice hadnt made itself heard in my heart. The voice said, I will not die. I refuse it. I will make it through this nightmare. I will beat the odds, as great as they are. I have survived so far, miraculously. Now I will turn miracle into routine. The amazing will be seen every day. I will put in all the work necessary. Yes, so long as God is with me, I will not die. Amen (Patel 148). It is examples like this of Pis faith in and love for God that spread and touched all those who heard his story. One man, Mr. Francis Adirubasamy, introduced Pis experience to the also fictitious author of Pis story by saying, I have a story that will make you believe in God (Patel X). True, unshaken faith is infectious and spreads like the desire for water on a mildly hot day; one doesnt realize they need it until they recognize they dont have it or they see someone else with it. As shown by Mr. Adirubasamy, Pis incredible faith had more of an effect on many than the reality-defying experiences he had. The fact that, above all else, the power of faith was Mr. Adirubasamys main takeaway from Pis story is quite the supporting factor in the argument that Pis faith in God was his key to survival† as well as the triumph over the evil around and inside of him. Although the example of faith shown by Pi is monumentally powerful, the deathly exhibit of what forged faith can do to a person (or a town) is equally as present in the play The Crucible. Written in 1953 by Arthur Miller, this chilling tale follows the havoc-reaped town of Salem as their witch trials commenced in the 1690s. Many people were being accused of witchcraft (the punishment for which is hanging) and terror reigned over the hearts of the residents. Accusations were being thrown left and right as haphazardly as one might throw their clothes out of a drawer in a frantic search for the desired item; however, most of the accusations had very little merit, cause, or evidence to support them. Elizabeth Proctor, a character in the story who was living in Salem at the time, said this, I cannot think the Devil may own a womans soul, Mr. Hale, when she keeps an upright way, as I have. I am a good woman, I know it; and if you believe I may do only good work in the world, and yet be sec retly bound to Satan, then I must tell you, sir, I do not believe it (Miller 70). Elizabeth believes that one cannot make viable accusation of evil against a woman who has done nothing but good works†a show of her personal faith in God. While this prerogative makes logical sense, the town of Salem let fear and false faith control their actions; specifically, they let Abigail Williams, a young girl perceived by many as the living embodiment of deceptive faith, control them. She jumped on the witchcraft accusation bandwagon, shrugging the blame for actual witchcraft off of herself, starting with a slave named Tituba. When confronted about the witchcraft that she herself had performed, Abby said, Now look you. All of you. We danced. And Tituba conjured Ruth Putnams dead sisters. And that is all. And mark this. Let either of you breathe a word, or the edge of a word, about the other things, and I will come to you in the black of some terrible night and I will bring a pointy reckoning that will shudder you. And you know I can do it; I saw Indians smash my dear parents heads on the pillow next to mine, and I have seen some reddish work done at night, and I will make you wish you had never seen the sun go down! (Miller 20) . Abigails threat to the other girls that had seen her perform witchcraft in the woods carried out well and held onto the hearts of the threatened through the rest of the ordeal. Because of this, Abigail was able to wrongly accuse many and start a spark, leading to a metaphorical fire that ultimately killed twenty people† nineteen by hanging and one by torture† all under a false pretense of faith. Young Goodman Brown is another example of the effects of counterfeit faith, but it also delves deeper into the aftermath of the loss of faith. In this classic written by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Goodman Brown is a man who embarks on a journey, despite his wife, Faiths, resistance at his leaving. He ventures into the woods where he meets a strange traveler who is bearing in considerable resemblance to him, though perhaps more in expression than features (Hawthorne). This traveler is later on revealed to be Devil himself, implying that we all have a little bit of evil inside of us. When this older man admonishes him for being late to their meeting, Goodman Brown says that Faith kept me back awhile(Hawthorne). Aside from the fictionalized side of this statement, the screaming symbolism clearly shows that faith keeps one away from evil. It was only when Goodman Brown chose to ignore his faith that he met and conversed with the Devil. As young Goodman Brown and the Devil continued walking dow n the path in the forest, Goodman Brown travelled further and further away from his Faith. Eventually, at a point deep in the woods, he thinks he hears her voice and a scream, shortly followed by a sign implying that she is gone. My Faith is gone! cried he, after one stupefied moment. There is no good on earth; and sin is but a name. Come, devil! For to thee is this world given (Hawthorne). Once faith feels lost, there seems to be no point in resisting evil because one cant feel the good anymore. Therefore, when faith is lost, the individual is lost with it. To analytically summarize, faith has a monumentally incredible power for good if used, gained, and shared correctly. If a forged pretense of faith is used for evil, or if ones faith is lost, it can have the equal, but ruinously opposite effect as true faith. Once one has chosen faith, all actions that follow suit are based off of that choice. Faith, instead of simply becoming a part of someone, becomes the reason behind their existence and the center of their life. As displayed by Pi, true, pure faith has the potential to pull us through the worst of times and give people a reason to, as quoted in Finding Nemo, just keep swimming. If faith is manipulated, relented, or lost (as shown in The Crucible and Young Goodman Brown), the result can be a loss of life† whether that be physically, emotionally, spiritually, or a disastrous mix of all of them. Ultimately, faith is the keystone of a persons decisions and well being. Life without faith is simply fear. Woodrow Kroll, a respected religious leader and previous president of Davis College, once said, The only known antidote to fear is faith. Because wickedness breeds fear, this also suggests that the only known antidote to evil is faith. True faith is the key to taking the evil out of a person and out of the world.

Hydrology Topics Research Paper

<h1>Hydrology Topics Research Paper</h1><p>Hydrology Topics Research Paper is a composing venture of a senior undergrad or post-graduate understudy who has information in any part of water and hydrogeology. It is very basic for understudies to have a ton of misguided judgments about water and how it influences individuals and the environment.</p><p></p><p>Writing an exploration paper, particularly on the off chance that you are an amateur, resembles attempting to tackle a riddle. You should know about the various parts of research, study, and composing that one should remember. There are a great deal of factors that one needs to remember when composing and not just simply concentrating on one subject. Obviously, the subject of hydrology ought to be a significant concern however it isn't sufficient to simply compose an exhausting examination paper and have the teacher excuse your work.</p><p></p><p>Hydrology is really a part of science. This branch is worried about hydrologic states of a specific spot or zone, which might be either on a national or even provincial scale. Such zones incorporate floods, dry seasons, and climate. Hydrology contemplates are generally separated into two significant branches, hydrogeology and hydroclimate.</p><p></p><p>Hydrology Topics Research Paper ought to essentially spin around how water is influenced by human exercises. This exploration paper ought to be about how we and our activities influence our condition. On the off chance that you inquire about the realities and issues related with water protection, you can put forth a solid defense for ecological preservation, in this way adding to a superior future for all. At the point when one makes a stride towards a progressively supportable future, the individual in question additionally has a personal stake in guaranteeing that such an inevitability doesn't happen.</p><p></p> <p>Hydrology is a necessary piece of any investigation of characteristic assets. It is a field that has been in presence since ancient occasions and has stayed up with improvements that were started by people, for example, horticulture, transport, and industry. While a few nations can flourish without it, others will be unable to, which implies that each nation needs hydrology so as to work and endure. Indeed, hydrology is presently viewed as a principle part of worldwide atmosphere and it influences everything from outrageous climate occasions to exhaustion of the ozone layer, which thusly influences the efficiency of our country's nourishment chain.</p><p></p><p>Hydrology subjects explore paper will inspect how hydrologists lead their examination. A significant piece of the examination is done through meetings, field studies, and overviews. The meetings should focus on the particular zones that one is keen on, for example, water the executives and con trol frameworks. It ought to incorporate information about the watershed, and what might occur if there was no hydrological system.</p><p></p><p>Hydrology points look into paper ought to likewise address issues, for example, water utilization, land use, contamination, human and creature living spaces, and the nature of drinking water. By taking a gander at the belongings of water flexibly, one will have the option to decide that it is so critical to have a decent framework. One can likewise find out about the impacts of water quality on horticulture, producing, and even the business water sector.</p><p></p><p>Anhydrology is the investigation of the hydrology of a particular geological zone, which incorporates: waterways, lakes, swamps, seas, lakes, estuaries, or repositories. Around there, hydrology points examine paper will take a gander at the primary wellsprings of water, similar to precipitation, ground water, and groundwater. It l ikewise takes a gander at how the sorts of structures that exist in a specific zone influence the kinds of water that courses through them.</p>

How to Write a Persuasive Essay Samples Short

<h1>How to Write a Persuasive Essay Samples Short</h1><p>You ought to consistently recollect that an enticing paper test short is short and clear. There are no superfluous words or things that would appear to be extensive sentences. Enticing article tests short should just contain the most significant focuses that you have to make and it ought to be short enough for you to have the option to utilize it without any problem. On the off chance that you have to set aside a more drawn out effort to consider it, at that point influential exposition tests short would be smarter to assist you with getting your contemplations together.</p><p></p><p>Now, in the event that you need to compose a convincing article tests short, you need to realize how to compose a paper. This is the principal thing that you have to do. It would be extremely useful in the event that you definitely realize how to compose articles, since this will spare you a great deal of t ime in making sense of what to write in the powerful exposition tests short.</p><p></p><p>In different words, when you are attempting to compose an enticing paper tests short, you should initially think about the subject of the exposition that you need to compose. This will assist you with getting readied about what you are going to state. You can utilize an expression or a few thoughts that you like to express what is on your mind. At that point, you can utilize your sentence structure and ensure that you recognize what you are doing.</p><p></p><p>The second thing that you ought to consider when composing an influential exposition tests short is to put the focuses that you need to make. Remember that you don't really need to compose an entire section. You can essentially list the focuses and use visual cues with the goal that it will be simpler for you to write.</p><p></p><p>Third, when you are composing an inf luential exposition tests short, you can utilize your own thoughts and data. Try not to attempt to counterfeit others' work. Rather, utilize your own data to assist you with your argument.</p><p></p><p>Finally, when you are composing an influential exposition tests short, you ought not neglect to join your crowd. The motivation behind this is to ensure that you are tending to everybody that you have to address. On the off chance that you are tending to your crowd, it is acceptable to consider a type of course in which you could guide them. For instance, you could guide them to peruse your convincing paper tests short since you need them to understand it and consider it.</p><p></p><p>When you are composing a powerful article tests short, you likewise need to ensure that you keep your composing predictable. This is significant since perusers would not have any desire to peruse a paper that has such a large number of things in it. Make ce rtain to get into the point that you are attempting to make and stick to it.</p><p></p><p>These are the three things that you ought to consider when composing a convincing exposition tests short. At that point, you can rapidly get yourself arranged for the composed essay.</p>

Construction Trade School

Construction Trade SchoolIf you are at a level of education above the high school level, it is important that you learn how to take technical college exam papers. This is so because this is also an indication that you are on the right track. There are a lot of people who go through college, but they don't earn degrees.However, if you want to go further, it would be a good idea to earn a degree. But even if you cannot continue your studies after getting your degree, there are still some ways you can prepare for your examination.The first thing you have to do is to review the college test that you took in the past. Go over all the questions and check your answers. Analyze the actual answers and see if they are correct or not.Then, go to the particular question and try to answer the same question again from another angle. Once you have found the answer you want to give, make sure you include this answer in your written exam paper.This will help you get a general overview of your knowled ge about the computer field. Although, it is important to note that the higher you go up in the university or college, the more advanced you are, so you would need to prepare yourself.Another way to prepare for your exam is to write a personal statement. Here, you can make up for the question that you need to answer and also add up your ideas that will help you pass your examination.So, there are many ways that you can prepare for your technical college exam papers. With these tips, you should be able to pass the exam and get a degree from your college of choice.How to Prepare For Your Exam - Technical College Exam Papers|startoftext| PARACOUNT 3 SENTCOUNT construction trade school ENDPARAMHave you ever thought about going into the construction trade school? It's one of the most rewarding jobs you can have. Most of us want to live somewhere far away from a large city and we all wish we could work in a great location. The building trades are the best of both worlds and it's a great way to start your new career. No matter where you live, you will always find something exciting to do here. You will never have to worry about getting up early in the morning, driving to the city or planning a day trip.When I was a kid my mother used to say the most exciting part of being a child was the maintenance jobs. Now that I'm an adult, I realize that saying this was a bit of an exaggeration. I always want to go to a school that will educate me in a relevant field. If you enjoy working with your hands then the construction trade school is a great option. In this kind of job you will always find something that interests you and when you get older you will be able to look back and enjoy all the great memories you had.The building trades is one of the fastest growing industries and there are plenty of construction schools to choose from. Some offer online programs, and they can even give you the credentials you need to work in the United States if you want to. Construction trad e schools also provide training in the electrical, plumbing, and HVAC fields. All of these courses are a prerequisite for any school of education.

Writing an Argumentative Essay Topic List

<h1>Writing an Argumentative Essay Topic List</h1><p>Writing a contentious article subject rundown is anything but difficult to do on the off chance that you have sufficient opportunity, vitality and inspiration. At the point when you possess a great deal of every one of the three of these, you will have the option to compose a ground-breaking article on any theme. The issue is that we as a whole have a constrained measure of vitality and inspiration to work with. So how would you compose a contentious paper theme list for free?</p><p></p><p>The first thing you ought to do is take a gander at a decent quality exposition point list, or shockingly better, a book containing article subject records. Numerous books and online discussions offer great arrangements of themes to browse. Investigate the rundown and consider what sort of subject you are expounding on. On the off chance that it is a general inquiry, you should utilize the following coupl e of sections to address that specific theme. You may likewise need to pick a particular subject and go straightforwardly into talking about it in the sections that follow.</p><p></p><p>Your subsequent stage is to make sense of how you are going to layout your article theme list. What number of passages long should each section be? To what extent should each area be? Do you need a chapter by chapter guide, or a synopsis? Most themes comprise of a few paragraphs.</p><p></p><p>Once you have a rundown of points to look over, you have to choose a title for your article. This will fill in as first experience with the exposition. Try not to utilize a descriptive word for the title. Stay away from since quite a while ago, drawn out expressions. Truth be told, you might need to place the title in your footer. Or on the other hand simply put the title in the absolute starting point of your first paragraph.</p><p></p><p>N ow that you have the title for your article subject show, you have to place your theme vigorously by expounding on the point in the fitting passages. Try not to stress over completing your sentences. Truth be told, be certain that your sentences don't end with a comma or semicolon. You have to ensure that you don't come up short on thoughts. Since your motivation is to give data to your peruser, you have to ensure that you keep the peruser's consideration through the entire essay.</p><p></p><p>Follow-up the passage with a concise section. Try not to make this section excessively long. Utilize short, compact sentences. Try not to go past one section. You can use the same number of sections as you like, yet you have to ensure that you are composing a full, streaming, multi-passage article. The last section will talk about the finish of your essay.</p><p></p><p>With a brief period and exertion, you can make a free paper point list for not hing. The key is to observe the three guidelines recorded above.</p>

Understanding Postmodernism Essay Topics

<h1> Understanding Postmodernism Essay Topics </h1> <p>Postmodernism was first initiated in america of America in the schedule year 1972. This case can be trying to clarify, and a few postmodern writings need noteworthy platform to make them available to understudies. Having its characterize what's the development in the present definition up to now. Innovation incorporates a higher movement of people. </p> <h2> Postmodernism Essay Topics at a Glance</h2> <p>550 composing administrations outfitted by the exposition you're currently! The term of the article changes from 3500 to 4500 words and that is the explanation it is known as an extended exposition where the essayist should cover all the aspects of the subject. An investigate exposition plot is considerably more convoluted than the rest of the scholarly paper diagram layouts. There are heaps of components and components to mull over when you're composing your convincing paper. </p> <p>The peruser needs to process what's being said to find the creator's expected importance. 1 way to deal with encourage a superior cognizance of postmodernism is to get your understudies compose articles about it. Metafiction doesn't allow the peruser overlook the person in question perusing an anecdotal work. </p> <h2> Type of Postmodernism Essay Topics</h2> <p>Shrubs are very sensitive, alongside the correct water system (which we'll guarantee, additionally), these dazzling outside beautifying plants may increase the value of the check intrigue of your premises. We can see by review the word reference meanings of the two terms. At long last, you additionally need to ensure you expound on something with a generally excellent reference material. </p> <p>This approach of correspondence has developed all around the globe, where immense quantities of individuals use email, social sites, and digital calling among others to spread data all through the world. Postindustrial society predicts maximal creation with negligible utilization of every regular stuff. Quarterly nuisance control administrations are planned to get certain vermin far from the yard and bushes around your home or business. So as to totally comprehend the connection among society and the development of the travel industry, especially patterns and changes in the travel industry rehearses rather than the travel industry as a general human movement, it's fundamental to consider the character or state of contemporary social orders. </p> <p>Inside this account, the creator investigates the structure of the standard story, and likewise, he scrutinizes the cutting edge things. By method of model, metafiction and pastiche are frequently utilized for incongru ity. Post innovation is about valiant reasoning and totally free composition. </p> <p>It's known as the convictions about convictions. The subject of truth is set by science. Versus Donald trump is a greater scholarly history doesn't have any, for example, a few musings on postmodern this postmodern. </p> <p>You may likewise gain a few limits on our site which will assist you with saving some more cash for future requests or anything you need to spend them on. So as to get the more noteworthy instruction required for more prominent work, you require cash. Those understudies that are searching for more than data on how best to make a 5 passage look into paper don't spare a moment to get some assistance in the outside of internet composing administration. So as to procure cash, you must have training. </p> <h2> The Key to Successful Postmodernism Essay Topics</h2> <p>How Metaphysical verse and current man can be related with the renaissance time frame. The positive effect is that the objective of somebody or a gathering is to develop relationship with God, paying little heed to what religion they are. As needs be, in a postmodern world, truth is an assessment that is adaptable to adjust. Additionally, never quit finding something new as regardless of whether you trust you know everything there'll consistently be someone who knows more. </p> <p>The utilization of NFL shirts is incredibly normal. With customized pullovers of the NFL, you're certain that you have the perfect plan. Finding a modest NFL shirt has been an overwhelming activity for some of the in-your-face fans regardless of the group they support for. </p> <p>They probably won't have an AMOLED screen, yet they're wearing the most up to date show screen innovation that you may rival this. Welcome to handle all you reexamining about how to help your article composing abilities. It bodes well an individual should start by picking a couple of good subjects to separate and draw matches. A shadow box is a phenomenal way to deal with show bigger pooch related things that won't coordinate in a typical casing. </p>

Essay About Self Identity With Relation To Writing

Essay About Self Identity With Relation To WritingThe essay about self-identity with relation to writing is one of the different types of essay required by most of the student around the world. Students often find the form of writing a lot more difficult than they expected it to be, so it is really important for them to know what to write about when they need an essay about self-identity with relation to writing. The essay can contain many things, and therefore, many topics, but at the same time, one of the most important things to keep in mind when you are writing your essay about self-identity with relation to writing is that you have to make sure that your essay on this topic focuses only on one particular thing.Now that there are many subjects available, most of which are related to writing, it is really difficult for students to come up with a single topic on which they can put all their concentration. However, the essay about self-identity with relation to writing is really imp ortant as it gives students the chance to reflect upon how much they understand about themselves. Moreover, the essay also lets them try out their creativity and express their personal style in writing.It is very common for students to confuse their personal style with the written style. However, in writing, personal style comes first, and the written style follows. When a student writes an essay about self-identity with relation to writing, he or she must always make sure that the topics they are talking about are relevant to the essay.Most of the students who tend to be creative and write a lot of essays tend to mix different topics in their personal style. One thing that a student should avoid doing when he or she has an essay about self-identity with relation to writing is mixing subjects together. This can lead to a mixed article which will result in less clarity and more confusion in the student's mind.One of the most common topics that are mixed up when a student writes a per sonal style essay is self-esteem. Most of the time, when a student is writing an essay about self-identity with relation to writing, the subject matter may include topics like 'self-confidence', 'self-esteem', 'self-image', and 'self-image'. However, a student should ensure that the topics which he or she discusses are related to the topic of self-identity.Besides these subjects, there are other topics which can be mixed up in a student's personal style. One of these topics includes the topic of self-discovery. A student must remember that his or her personal style cannot be confused with the style of others.When a student writes an essay about self-identity with relation to writing, he or she must remember that his or her personal style is unique and that there is no way to compare his or her style with others. Furthermore, the essay must also incorporate all the other topics as well. Most of the time, when a student writes an essay about self-identity with relation to writing, he or she tends to forget about the other topics which were discussed earlier and concentrate on the same topic.The best thing a student can do when he or she has an essay about self-identity with relation to writing is to ask questions about the other topics that were discussed. At the same time, a student must remember that these are not the only topics that can be included in an essay. There are still many other topics that can be included and when a student writes an essay about self-identity with relation to writing, he or she must remember that all these topics can be discussed as long as he or she is clear about the fact that they are the topics that should be discussed when a student writes an essay about self-identity with relation to writing.

Please, Briefly Explain Your Extracurricular Activities In Your Brief Essay Topic

Please, Briefly Explain Your Extracurricular Activities In Your Brief Essay TopicIn an academic paper, please briefly explain your extracurricular activities in your brief essay topic. It will make the reader and teacher think that you are more than just a student.One of the key aspects of an academic paper is that the students should be able to relate it to their academic work. The paper should not be that strange that a student would be interested in avoiding it. One way for students to avoid this kind of issue is to make their extracurricular activities of great importance to them.A student's past accomplishments of his or her past academic papers is a good start when writing a student's academic paper. However, it is still required to make sure that the student's academic work can be fully supported by these achievements. Furthermore, it is also a must to make the reader wonder why the student is writing an essay about his or her past achievements. This can be achieved by writing a brief history about the student's previous experiences in academic study.The key for a student to write an academic paper is to always get the best from the situation. Students will have to go through different situations and try to create essays that showcase the student's achievements.The essay that should be written is a one-page academic paper. There are many essay topics that should be considered and included in an academic paper. Just like writing an essay about one's past achievements, there are different essay topics that can be included in an academic paper.Some of the essential factors that should be included in an academic paper include background facts and historical events that define the way a student has lived his or her life. These facts will help to demonstrate how a student has been living his or her life. This would greatly help to convey the message that the student will be conveying in his or her academic paper. Moreover, the student should always be detailed when writing a personal essay about his or her past life.Students should always be aware that the primary motive of writing an academic paper is to increase their knowledge. Therefore, they should write academic papers that will allow the reader and the teacher to expand on their knowledge. The academic paper should always be able to convince the reader and the teacher that the student has already reached the limits of his or her academic study.Finally, a student should always remember that to write an academic paper is not as easy as writing an essay. There are many parts that a student needs to consider including in his or her academic paper. Therefore, a student should always try to make a good essay that will showcase the student's academic prowess.

Fraud, Deceptions, and Downright Lies About Social Justice Topics for Essay Exposed

<h1> Fraud, Deceptions, and Downright Lies About Social Justice Topics for Essay Exposed </h1> <h2> The Good, the Bad and Social Justice Topics for Essay </h2> <p>There's no evident way to determine bigotry. As a matter of fact, some can emphatically restrict same-sex marriage. You won't should be stressed over a thing since we exist to help you out. You will do the same old thing. </p> <h2>The Importance of Social Justice Topics for Essay </h2> <p>There are a couple of basic things you need to know in order to review an extraordinary paper. Composing a charming exposition about stylish points is a chance to uncover your insight into earth. You should ensure you've picked a satisfactory subject so you may present a great article. There are a couple primary things you should find out about before you even start picking social issues paper subjects. </p> <p>You additionally get an extraordinary chance to delve more into explore! At the point when you create a social issue exposition, it is critical to exhibit your private perspective on the issue. At the point when you are given an assignment to form an article on a social issue, you're allowed to open an energizing talk. Use all you know to uncover your perception of the planet, and bring out old fashioned philosophical hypotheses. </p> <p>My up and coming profession is critical to me. By and large, it was logically significant. This is very bizzare. </p> <h2>The Unexpected Truth About Social Justice Topics for Essay </h2> <p>Please don't be hesitant to connect when you have any inquiries or concerns. Fundamental inquiries and destinations go together, as the targets ought to be able to respond to the inquiry. The focuses keep on being legitimate on the off chance that you have a Republican congressperson, yet the informing will require twea king. The other essential point is that commitment must be continued. </p> <h2> What You Need to Know About Social Justice Topics for Essay</h2> <p>Giving them a voice, another name, a sentiment of self, would empower them to ascend over the entanglement they've gotten themselves. Prepared Bit measured assignments which you could possibly begin and in around one hour finish. Much like everything, on the off chance that you don't manage yourself first you won't be viable at other stuff. Endeavoring to do the exploration on what will gain a change there. </p> <h2>Social Justice Topics for Essay Explained </h2> <p>Social equity issues can occur regarding for all intents and purposes any component of society where disparity can emerge as an outcome of crooked preferences or arrangements. The thought of educating for equity isn't to make a multitude of social equity warriors, yet to make a disturbance in the present foundational mistreatmen t present in the United States of america. A local social foul play that I'm aware of is bigotry and separation. Many advantaged understudies are hesitant to find out about how their benefit empowers them to pick up from mistreatment as it infers they are terrible people. </p> <p>Mothers are looking for network, and judgment free data and recommendations on kid raising in these sorts of spaces. There are various approaches to get notification from families. A mother bunch isn't a similar creature be that as it may. </p> <p>It is an incredible method to appreciate what's happening in different pieces of earth and the manner by which they influence Americans living in the States. It is going to fundamentally be a fairly delightful planet. There is an expanding issue for people in the USA with respect to preventable ailments. Cultural impact on high school smoking. </p> <p>Each print issue will have two or three qualities that run into 3,0005,000-word an area. Specialist Who is a British show. in any case, it is viewed all through the world. Indeed, even youthful understudies may utilize photography and video for social move. You're fabricating a photograph of a social issue, and you need to raise each potential side of the story. </p> <h2> Social Justice Topics for Essay and Social Justice Topics for Essay - The Perfect Combination</h2> <p>You can create a distinction. Inside this sense, to educate for equity is simply to instruct. There isn't anybody on the p lanet who can find out about every single shamefulness through lived understanding. A lot more are irate and invigorated yet don't see how to get ready for marriage. </p> <p>Family commitment is a basic piece of understudy achievement. Connect whether you own a story for Social Good Families. A critical part social equity instruction is to believe that understudies are in a situation to evaluate the data we give and use it one might say that is substantial, reasonable and applicable to their own special lives. </p> <p>Art treatment gives this chance. Training understudies about their own one of a kind benefit is giving them the opportunity to self-investigation. Moreover, it's significant for instructors to get ready for guidance since they must meet the desires controlled by the school, and by Common Core. Instructors mix social equity into exactly what the class is doing as of now, instead of isolating it from the present educational plan. </p> <p>If you might want to get a degree from a solid American school or college, at that point you should be sure which you are submitting perfect and prevalent articles. Before presenting your task, you need to be certain that it's perfect and blunder free. Try not to be stressed on the off chance that you don't have great composing aptitudes since you generally should utilize a specialist to complete your task in time. Understudies who regarded the social equity crucial significantly more slanted to state they proposed to work for soci al equity later on and felt they had the right stuff to impact positive move. </p> <p>Just like any possibly disputable exercise, it is essential that you talk with your executive about it early. Extraordinary consideration should be taken to ensure they can practice their privileges as full residents in the new legitimate buy. Proficiency abilities are among the most grounded indicators of wellbeing status. </p>

Writing Essays - When Should The Header Be Used?

<h1>Writing Essays - When Should The Header Be Used?</h1><p>Most understudies compose their papers in a rush, and before they get done with understanding it, they surge out of the room and begin the procedure all once more. It's extraordinary to take a shot at it early, yet you need to recollect that it's not finished until you send it in. When composing an article where should the header be, there are numerous elements to consider in this process.</p><p></p><p>The first significant factor is the kind of person you are tending to your paper to. You can either have a subject, for example, a teacher, an educator, or somebody significant in your life, however a few understudies don't have the foggiest idea what the individual's name is. Hence, you have to ensure you have the understudy's name before the date and the evaluation. Remember that the teacher will in all likelihood be one of your educators in your group, with the goal that will help i n choosing the best strategy to send to them.</p><p></p><p>Another significant interesting point is simply the article subject. There are a lot of subjects you can use for your exposition, however on the off chance that you don't have the foggiest idea what you need to expound on, at that point you can generally utilize a general subject. Notwithstanding, you have to recollect that you are the person who knows the topic, so you need to go with what you know. In the event that you know nothing about the subject, at that point you should pick a theme that you know almost no about. Along these lines, you will be progressively arranged to compose an essay.</p><p></p><p>When you start to compose your exposition, you will need to begin by making an unfinished copy. When you are finished with this work in progress, you can begin composing a draft. Now, you can allow it to rest, however remember to hand it over and disclose to them that you ha ve sent it.</p><p></p><p>If you are writinga article about something that is exceptionally normal, for example, the expense of your book, you might need to inquire about the general topic that the paper covers. Notwithstanding, on the off chance that you are composing a paper about something that isn't as normal, you ought to do your exploration first.</p><p></p><p>After you have everything arranged out, you can plunk down and start composing your article. You need to have a structure as of now set up before you start composing. Since the main draft is the most significant, you need to be certain that you are progressing nicely at the earliest opportunity. At that point, you can start composing the presentation and the conclusion.</p><p></p><p>For the presentation, you can do likewise as you would do in a proposition, with the exception of this time you will compose the data from the viewpoint of the understudy who is perusing the exposition. You ought to incorporate explicit data about the understudy's advantages, leisure activities, and so forth. This will assist with making it simpler for the peruser to comprehend the subject matter.</p><p></p><p>After you have composed the presentation, you would then be able to compose the principal passage, which will concentrate on the focal point of the whole paper. At that point, you can set aside a tad of effort to clarify different passages and the conclusion.</p>

THE IMPACT OF FEEDBACK ENVIRONMENT ON EMPLOYEE COMMITMENT - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 21 Words: 6432 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? This research paper examines the effect of feedback environment on employee commitment, with role clarity being the mediating variable in the public and private sectors organizations of Islamabad Rawalpindi city. From the previous researches a link was found between feedback environment and employee commitment at workplace, this study attempts to explore this link in the context of Islamabad. To create employee commitment amongst organizational members has become increasingly important in todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s dynamic business environment, because this factor leads to employee retention and a low degree of turnover. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "THE IMPACT OF FEEDBACK ENVIRONMENT ON EMPLOYEE COMMITMENT" essay for you Create order For this study a sample size of 200 was taken and different private and public sector organizations were covered in the research work. The research was of hypothesis-testing in nature and responses were collected using standardized questionnaires for each variable. All three variables supervisory and coworker feedback and role clarity proved to be positively associated with employee commitment; with the feedback from coworker source being the strongest in creating employee commitment followed by role clarity and feedback from supervisor source. The mediating effect of role clarity was not found to be significant and there is still an opportunity for further research in this area to explore this link. However the positive association of role clarity with employee commitment represents its importance in creating employee commitment, though its contribution is small, but this very dimension must not be ignored by the managers of the 21st century. Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION It has become necessary for business firms to satisfy all of their major stakeholders (consumers, employees, clients etc) to remain competitive in todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s dynamic business environment. The satisfaction and commitment level of a firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s employees is of key importance in determining its human resource strength, which in turn leads to their retention and make an organization able to satisfy the needs of its customers, consumers and clients in both the production and service sectors. Many variables have an impact on the level of commitment of a firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s employees, some of which are job satisfaction level (with intrinsic and extrinsic factors), the quality of leader-member exchange and the overall feedback environment that an employee works in. Many researchers put emphasis on providing feedback to employees in order to satisfy them and consider providing feedback to employees to be essential for maintaining and increasing employee motivation and satisfaction. Traditionally the yearly formal performance appraisal/review in private sector organizations and Annual Confidential Report (ACR) in public sector organizations have been considered as the ideal platform for higher authorities (departmental/organizational heads, supervisors, immediate bosses) to provide feedback to employees about how they view their performance. But employees generally report problems and shortfalls regarding the current methodologies used to asses their performance and characterize the overall process as being too much restricted to a performance appraisal period and involving only one feedback source (departmental/organizational heads, supervisors, and immediate bosses). A qualitative case study by Longenecker and Nykodym (1996) in the public sector illustrated some of the problems associated with traditional performance appraisal method. Employees noted that feedback in performance appraisal was problematic for improving employee motivation and performance, and as a communications tool to improve the manager/subordinate relationship and suggested that managers should: make more time available for providing performance feedback, increase their knowledge of actual performance, better clarify performance expectations, put greater emphasis on employee development, not dwell on negatives, provide more ongoing feedback, and increase two-way communication These suggestions indicate that supervisors/immediate bosses might adopt a number of specific behaviors to support feedback processes in the organization, which in turn might lead to an enhanced manager/subordinate relationship and increased employee satisfaction and hence employee commitment. Here we can see that feedback only after some specified interval and through formal sessions is not sufficient to improve work outcomes (job satisfaction, productivity, employee commitment, organizational citizenship behavior etc). Considering this very fact; Steelman, Levy and Snell (2004) proposed a scale, known as Feedback Environment Scale (FES) with a validation study to demonstrate how different facets of feedback sources (supervisor and coworkers) constitute the overall feedback environment within an organization. This new instrument measures a much more comprehensive view of the feedback environment and is more relevant to the organizations of today and the responsibilities of 21st-cent ury managers. FES may also be defined as a multifaceted construct with two major factors (Supervisor and Coworker) manifested in seven facets. Together, these seven facets reflect the contextual aspects surrounding the transmission of job performance feedback on a recurrent or daily basis (Steelman et al, 2004). In general; Employee commitment is oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s psychological attachment to his or her organizations. The higher the level of Employee Commitment of an individual, the lower are the chances of his/her psychological and physical job withdrawal. Moreover; committed employees are generally productive and go beyond their job descriptions in improving their organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s products and services. Researchers have found a positive link between Feedback Environment Scale and Employee commitment. This link is mediated by a third variable called Role Clarity, which is defined as the subjective feeling of having as much or not as much role relevant information as the person would like to have Lyons (1971). This study is aimed to explore this link in a Pakistani context and more specifically in the context of Islamabad, After the confirmation of such a link, mangers can adopt a number of measures to improve employeesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ satisfaction, their level of productivity and employee commitment. Research Objectives To measure the level of performance feedback (from supervisors and coworkers) received by the employees of different organizations, both of public and private sector operating in Islamabad city. To Measure the level of employee commitment of employees working in different organizations To explore the link between feedback environment and employee commitment To suggest specific measures to be adopted in order to increase the overall feedback environment and employee commitment in organizations Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Feedback Environment In the past, the feedback environment has been defined as the type of job performance information that employees perceive as being available to them (Herold Parsons, 1985).but according to the refined and most up-to-date definition; the feedback environment refers to the contextual aspects of day-to-day supervisor-subordinate and coworker-coworker feedback processes rather than to the formal performance appraisal feedback session (Steelman et al, 2004). Consequently, up to now, an organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s feedback environment has been defined as the amount and availability of positive and negative feedback from different sources (Steelman et al, 2004). 2.2 Measurement of Feedback Environment Feedback environment in an organization is measured through a new multifaceted instrument, the Feedback Environment Scale (FES), which helps inform the feedback process in organizations. This new instrument measures a much more comprehensive view of the feedback environment and is more relevant to the organizations of today and the responsibilities of 21st-century managers. FES may also be defined as a multifaceted construct with two major factors (Supervisor and Coworker) manifested in seven facets. Together, these seven facets reflect the contextual aspects surrounding the transmission of job performance feedback on a recurrent or daily basis (Steelman et al, 2004). It is clear that employees receive feedback information from various sources (Greller, 1980; Morrison, 1993) but some authors suggest that supervisor and coworker feedback sources are the most practical and relevant from the feedback recipientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s point of view (Ashford, 1989). Thus, the FES postulates two factors called Supervisor Source and Coworker Source and the following seven specific facets within each of those source factors: source credibility, feedback quality, feedback delivery, frequency of favorable feedback, frequency of unfavorable feedback, source availability, and promoting feedback seeking (Steelman et al, 2004). Source Credibility is conceptualized as the feedback sourceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s expertise and trustworthiness (Giffin, 1967). Consistency and usefulness have been demonstrated to be important aspects of feedback quality (Greller, 1980; Hanser Muchinsky, 1978; Herold, Liden, Leatherwood, 1987). A feedback recipientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s perceptions of the sourceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s intentions in giving feedback will affect reactions and responses to the feedback (Fedor, Eder, Buckley, 1989). Favorable feedback is conceptualized as the perceived frequency of positive feedback such as compliments from supervisors and/or coworkers when from the feedback recipientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s view, his or her performance does in fact warrant positive feedback. Correspondingly, unfavorable feedback is conceptualized as the perceived frequency of negative feedback such as expressions of dissatisfaction and criticism from supervisors and/or coworkers when from the feedback recipientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s vi ew, his or her performance warrants such feedback (Steelman et al, 2004). Supervisor and/or coworker source availability is operationalized as the perceived amount of contact an employee has with his or her supervisor and/or coworkers and the ease with which feedback can be obtained (Steelman et al, 2004). Feedback seeking is defined as the extent to which the environment is supportive or unsupportive of feedback seeking. It is the extent to which employees are encouraged or rewarded for seeking feedback and the degree to which employees feel comfortable asking for performance feedback (Williams et al, 1999). 2.3 Role Clarity Lyons (1971) defines role clarity as the subjective feeling of having as much or not as much role relevant information as the person would like to have. The importance of having role clarity (knowing the tasks and expectations of a job) has been shown in previous research that used both emotional and performance-related measures (Abramis, 1994; Jackson Schuler, 1985; Tubre Collins, 2000). Role clarity is a prerequisite for harmonious interactions with others in the role set (Mcgrath, 1976). The absence of role clarity leads to stress, intrapersonal tension and lowered job satisfaction (Cooper, Sloan Williams, 1988; Hall, 2004). Breaugh Colihan (1994) defined role ambiguity to be job ambiguity and indicated that job ambiguity possesses three distinct aspects: work methods, scheduling, and performance criteria. 2.4 Employee Commitment It is recognized that an employees commitment to an organization can be expressed in three particular ways: affective, continuance, and normative. Affective commitment is focused on an emotional attachment to the organization (Herscovitch, 2002). On the other hand, continuance commitment is when an employee stays with an organization based on a perceived cost of leaving (Herscovitch, 2002). In this case, the employee is staying because he/she thinks it will cost more to go find work elsewhere. Lastly, normative commitment refers to an employees moral obligation to stay with the organization (Herscovitch, 2002). This can arise due to the employee feeling that the organization has treated him/her well and therefore, he/she owes the organization a continued period of employment. In one sense, each type of commitment somewhat ties the individual to the organization; however, each impacts differently on the manner in which the employee conducts him/herself in the workplace. For example, a n employee with an affective commitment will often go above and beyond what is required of his/her position in order to assist the organization in meeting its goals. Employees with high affective commitment tend to be absent from work less frequently and display a higher work motivation and organizational citizenship (McShane, 2001). Continuance commitment, however, is negatively related to performance whereby employees tend to do simply what is required, have higher rates of absenteeism, and low motivation (Johns and Saks, 1996). 2.5 Feedback Environment, Role Clarity/Ambiguity and Employee Commitment Over recent years, there has been a surge of interest in the effects of the feedback environment on work-related outcomes (e.g. Norris-Watts Levy, 2004; Rosen et al., 2006). A favorable feedback environment is positively related to supervisory reported organizational citizenship behavior and that this relationship is partially mediated by affective commitment (Norris-Watts Levy, 2004). Another study tested a mediated model suggesting that the effects of the feedback environment on job satisfaction, and supervisory rated in-role and extra-role performance are mediated by perceptions of organizational politics. In general, this model was supported, again demonstrating the relationship between the feedback environment and several work-related outcomes (Rosen et al., 2006). A field experiment conducted by Tziner and Latham (1989) revealed increased work satisfaction and employee commitment when a goal-setting and feedback program was introduced, but it is not possible to draw the concl usion that this effect emanates from feedback only. Researchers have found a relationship between feedback and role ambiguity (Herold et al, 1987, Peiro et al, 1994, Sawyer, 1992, Teas, 1983, Vredenburgh, 1983). So, even though previous studies lend support to the hypothesis that feedback affects attitudes towards work, there is also a possibility that the uncertainty reducing effect of feedback is the link between feedback and work attitudes, through the intervening influence of role ambiguity. Resultantly, there is also support to hypothesize that feedback only indirectly affects attitude towards work with role ambiguity as a mediating variable (Anders et al, 1999). Mathieu Zajac (1990) conducted a meta-analysis of 48 studies and found that overall employee commitment was low when employees were unsure about what was expected of them (Role Ambiguity). In nine studies, Dunham, Grube, Castaneda (1994) found that employees understanding about the significance of their tasks were somewhat positively related to affective commitment, but not related to normative or continuance commitment. Workers need role clarity to be able to navigate on their own. To improve the opportunity for self feedback there appears a need to strengthen the connection between the individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s work and the organizational goals (Anders et al, 1999). Chapter 3 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK On the basis of literature review, a relationship between feedback environment and employee commitment was found, being mediated by a third variable, Role Clarity. The following hypothetical link between the variables was drawn and tested. 3.1 Operational Definitions 3.1.1 Feedback Environment (Independent Variable) Feedback Environment has been taken as the independent variable for this study which is defined by Steelman et al (2004) as the amount and availability of positive and negative feedback from different sources. As the feedback environment in organizations is generally measured using the Feedback environment Scale (FES) proposed by Steelman et al (2004), the same will be employed to measure the quality of feedback environment that takes into account two major feedback sources which are: Supervisor source Coworker source Feedback from each source has seven dimensions which are: 3.1.1.1- Source credibility Giffin (1967) defined source credibility as the feedback sourceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s expertise and trustworthiness. Perception of trustworthiness an individual imparts to other people. Factors that influence source credibility are expertise and reputation for honesty. 3.1.1.2- Feedback quality Feedback quality refers to its consistency and usefulness which are important aspects of feedback (Greller, 1980; Hanser Muchinsky, 1978; Herold, Liden, Leatherwood, 1987). 3.1.1.3- Feedback delivery It refers to the feedback environment in terms of sourceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s consideration and intentions in his or her delivery of the feedback (Steelman et al 2004). In simple words this dimension is related to the extent of empathy of the feedback source. 3.1.1.4- Favorable feedback Steelman et al (2004) defined favorable feedback as the perceived frequency of positive feedback such as compliments from supervisors and/or coworkers when from the feedback recipientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s view, his or her performance does in fact warrant positive feedback 3.1.1.5- Unfavorable feedback Unfavorable feedback is conceptualized as the perceived frequency of negative feedback such as expressions of dissatisfaction and criticism from supervisors and/or coworkers when from the feedback recipientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s view, his or her performance warrants such feedback (Steelman et al, 2004). 3.1.1.6- Source availability Supervisor and/or coworker source availability is defined as the perceived amount of contact an employee has with his or her supervisor and/or coworkers and the ease with which feedback can be obtained (Steelman et al, 2004). 3.1.1.7- Promoting feedback seeking Williams et al (1999) defined Feedback seeking is defined as the extent to which the environment is supportive or unsupportive of feedback seeking. It is the extent to which employees are encouraged or rewarded for seeking feedback and the degree to which employees feel comfortable asking for performance feedback Responses about each dimension relating to both the sources will be gathered using the FES Questionnaire, proposed by Steelman et al (2004) in their validation study of the FES. 3.2 Employee Commitment (Dependent Variable) For the purpose of this study employee commitment has been defined as an employeeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s psychological attachment to his/her organization. Mainly the three component model of employee commitment by Herscovitch (2002) is used, which says that the commitment level itself consists of three parts; affective, continuance and normative commitment. Somers (1995) defined Affective commitment as an employeeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s emotional attachment to an organizational goals and values. Normative commitment is a perceived duty to support the organization and its activities, whereas; continuance commitment is however interacted with affective commitment in predicting job withdrawal intentions and absenteeism. The level of employee commitment was measured using the employee commitment questionnaire by John Meyer Natalie Allen (1991). Figure 3.1: The Theoretical Relationship between Feedback Environment and Employee Commitment with the Mediating Effect of Role Clarity/Ambiguity 3.3 Role Clarity/Ambiguity (Mediating Variable) Role clarity is defined as the subjective feeling of having as much or not as much role relevant information as the person would like to have Lyons (1971). Or simply knowing the tasks and expectations of oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s job is known as Role Clarity. From the previous studies there appeared a relationship between feedback and employee commitment with the mediating effect of role clarity/ambiguity, and it was conceived in this study that the quality of feedback environment leads to role clarity or ambiguity as feedback serves the purpose of clarifying an employeeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s role which leads to employee commitment (Mathieu Zajac 1990, Dunham, Grube, Castaneda 1994). Role Clarity was measured using the standardized questionnaire proposed by Rizzo et al (1970). 3.4 Hypotheses: The following seven hypotheses were tested to explore the link between the following: Supervisory Feedback and Subordinateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Role Clarity Coworker Feedback and Incumbentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Role Clarity Feedback Environment and Employee commitment Role Clarity and Employee commitment 3.5 Hypotheses Statements Hypothesis 1: Ho: There is no relationship between supervisory feedback and subordinateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s role clarity Hypothesis 1: H1: There is a relationship between supervisory feedback and subordinateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s role clarity Hypothesis 2: Ho: There is no relationship between coworker feedback and employee role clarity Hypothesis 2: H1: There is a relationship between coworker feedback and employee role clarity Hypothesis 3: Ho: There is no relationship between feedback environment and employee role clarity Hypothesis 3: H1: There is a relationship between feedback environment and employee role clarity Hypothesis 4: Ho: There is no relationship between supervisory feedback and employee commitment Hypothesis 4: H1: There is a relationship between supervisory feedback and employee commitment Hypothesis 5: Ho: There is no relationship between coworker feedback and employee commitment Hypothesis 5: H1: There is a relationship between coworker feedback and employee commitment Hypothesis 6: Ho: There is no relationship between feedback environment and employee commitment Hypothesis 6: H1: There is a relationship between feedback environment and employee commitment Hypothesis 7: Ho: There is no relationship between employee role clarity and employee commitment Hypothesis 7: H1: There is a relationship between employee role clarity and employee commitment Chapter 4 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research Design is a master plan specifying the methods and procedures for collecting and analyzing needed information. Having identified the variables of the study and developing the theoretical framework, the next step was to design the research in a way that the required data could be gathered and analyzed to arrive at a solution. A Survey was conducted, based on a questionnaire. The term questionnaire refers to a list of questions, usually printed, and submitted for replies that can be analyzed for usable information. 4.1 Purpose of the Study The research was of hypothesis-testing in nature. The characteristics of variables and their relationship were defined in the previous section. Hypotheses were formulated on the basis of relationships between the two main variables (feedback environment and employee commitment). Researches have shown that there is positive relationship between feedback environment and employee commitment. Those studies were conducted in different parts of the world and the current research is based on the hypotheses which are to be tested to find if there is a positive relationship between the said variables. 4.2 Type of Investigation The purpose of our research was to find out if there is relation between variables, the type of investigation chosen was correlation. 4.3 Extent of Researcher Interference with the Study The primary data was collected through the questionnaire. The data was collected in natural environment and the researcherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s interference was minimal. 4.4 Study Settings The research was conducted in natural environment where work proceeds normally, i.e. in non-contrived settings. The study was based on Field Experiment where all activities were occurring in natural work environment. 4.5 Unit of Analysis In this study, individuals were studied separately. Research team studied the feedback received from the two sources (supervisor and coworker) and through the questionnaire investigated the relevant variables and their relationship. 4.6 Sampling A sample is a subset of a larger population that contains its major characteristics. In this step the following decisions were taken: Who is to be sampled (sampling unit) How large a sample should be (sample size) How will sample units be selected (sampling technique) 4.7 Sampling Unit To get the representation from all levels of management and all types of organizations, employees form each layer of management were selected as sample from different organizations ranging from manufacturing to service, both from public and private sectors. Responses were gathered from the employees of the following organizations: Askari Bank, Balochistan Teachersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Training Academy, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering Management Sciences (BUITEMS), Cantonment Hospital, Chiltan Ghee Mills, Civil Secretariat, Concern Worldwide, Habib Bank Ltd, Mercy Crops, National Bank, PTCL, Islamabad Electric Supply Company (QESCO), SME Bank, Sui Southern Gas Company Ltd (SSGC), Telecard, Telenor, UNDP and Warid Telecom 4.8 Sample Size The sample size for the study was 200. Employees from each of the above-mentioned organization were asked to respond the questionnaires. 4.9 Sampling Technique Probability sampling was used for the research; in such type of sampling each member of population has an equal chance of becoming a sample. 4.10 The Questionnaire The Questionnaire had the following sections: 4.10.1 Section-1 (Demographics) The first section investigated about the respondentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s demographical characteristics including: Age Gender Marital Status Qualification Managerial level Nature of work Experience in years The respondents were not asked to mention their names or disclose their identity and it was ensured to keep the information confidential. 4.10.2 Section-2 3 (Supervisory and Coworker Feedback Measurement) These sections contained questions about the supervisory and coworker feedback received by the respondents focusing on the following dimensions: Source credibility Feedback quality Feedback delivery Favorable feedback Unfavorable feedback Source availability Promoting feedback seeking The items of this section were obtained from the validation study of feedback environment (Steelman et al, 2004). 4.10.3 Section-4 (Employee commitment Measurement) This section contained questions about the level of employee commitment of the respondents. 4.10.4 Section-5 (Role Clarity Measurement) This section contained questions measuring the Role Clarity of the respondents. 4.11 Data Collection In this phase the research moved from papers to the field. Data was gathered in the form of responses from the respondents. Questionnaire was used as a tool to collect data and 100% of the respondents were surveyed through it. As mentioned above different organizations from public and private sector were visited to collect the responses. Questionnaires were distributed and taken back from the respondents after two to three days. Total time taken to complete the data collection process was two weeks. The respondents were guided about filling the questionnaires and the queries were responded properly. Chapter 5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 5. Hypothesis Testing All seven hypotheses of the study were tested on the following parameters: Confidence level: (1-ÃŽÂ ±) = 0.95 (95%) Level of Significance: ÃŽÂ ± = 0.05 Statistic used: t-statistic Sample size: n = 200 Table 5.1: Results of Hypothesis Testing Hypotheses t-calculated t-tabulated Computation Result 1 2.20 +1.96 tcalttab Rejected Ho 2 1.97 +1.96 tcalttab Rejected Ho 3 2.13 +1.96 tcalttab Rejected Ho 4 3.74 +1.96 tcalttab Rejected Ho 5 6.88 +1.96 tcalttab Rejected Ho 6 6.18 +1.96 tcalttab Rejected Ho 7 1.99 +1.96 tcalttab Rejected Ho Where: tcal = the calculated value of t-statistic ttab = the tabulated value of t-statistic It is clear from the results of table 5.1, that all seven alternative hypotheses were accepted as the value of t-calculated found be higher than the value of t-tabulated regarding each hypothesis. This shows that there is a link between each of the independent variable (feedback from supervisor and coworker source, feedback environment and role clarity) with the dependent variable (employee commitment). 5.1 Correlation Analysis The second analysis involved regressing each of the predictors on the outcome variable i.e. employee commitment. The results are presented in table 5.2 A correlation matrix was developed for Supervisory Feedback, Coworker feedback and Role clarity with Employee Commitment. According to the results, all the three variables were positively associated with Employee Commitment. The association represents a positive linear relationship between the dependent variable; Employee Commitment and each of the independent variables. Table 5.2: Correlation Matrix for Employee Commitment Variable Supervisory Feedback Coworker feedback Role Clarity Commitment Supervisory Feedback 1.000 0.534** 0.123** 0.257** Coworker feedback 0.534** 1.000 0.139** 0.439** Role Clarity 0.123** 0.139** 1.000 0.097** Commitment 0.257** 0.439** 0.097** 1.000 ** p.01 Coworker feedback was most strongly associated with Employee Commitment (0.439), followed by supervisory feedback (0.257) and role clarity (0.097). All relationships were statistically significant at p 0.01. The correlation analysis of employee commitment as shown in table 5.1 indicates that all the associations (between x and y variables) were positive. This signifies that a positive linear relationship exists between x and y variable. Coworker feedback was most strongly related with employee commitment, followed by role clarity and supervisory feedback. All relations were statistically significant at 0.01 levels. 5.3 Regression Analysis The value of R2 was 0.195. The first independent variable, coworker feedback [0.419, P 0.05] made the highest contribution to the model, the findings suggest that the coworkersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ feedback matters most in creating employee commitment. Table 5.3: Regression Analysis of Feedback Environment at workplace (Dependent Variable= Employee Commitment Variable Coefficient Standard Error Standardized Beta Intercept 1.783** 0.262 - Supervisory Feedback 0.029** 0.077 0.029 Coworker feedback 0.388** 0.071 0.419 Role Clarity 0.009** 0.016 0.036 Note: R2= 0.195; F-value=15.803 ** p.05 The second variable, role clarity feedback [0.036, p0.05] was also statistically significant, contributing towards employee commitment. The last variable supervisory feedback (0.029) contributed the least amount towards employee commitment and is statistically significant at p0.05. 5.3 Mediation of Role Clarity As there was no significant difference in the regression results of employee commitment with and without role clarity and the value of R2 0.193 with role clarity being the mediating variable did not have a noteworthy difference therefore; no or very less mediating effect of role clarity in creating employee commitment was found. When studied as a single independent variable with employee commitment; role clarity proved to be contributing notably towards employee commitment 5.4 Graphical Representation of Linear Equations For the purpose of better understanding of relationships between independent and dependent variables for the overall model and the individual relationships between each independent and the dependent variable/s; general linear equations are made and graphically represented. Y= Commitment X1= Supervisor Source X2= Coworker Source X3= Role Clarity X4= Feedback Environment E= Error Term Regression Equation: Y= ÃŽÂ ²o+ÃŽÂ ²1X1+ ÃŽÂ ²2X2+ ÃŽÂ ²3X3+E 5.4.1 Supervisory Feedback vs. Employee Commitment The graph shown below represents the relationship between supervisory feedback and employee commitment. X-axis represents supervisory feed back and Y-axis represents employee commitment. The Graph shows positive correlation between the two variables i.e. if one variable increases; the other variable also increases in the same direction. Y= ÃŽÂ ²o+ ÃŽÂ ²1X1+E Figure 5.1: Supervisory Feedback vs. Employee Commitment 5.4.2 Coworker Feedback vs. Employee Commitment The graph shown below represents the relationship between coworker feedback and employee commitment. X-axis represents coworker feedback and Y-axis represents employee commitment. The Graph shows positive correlation between the two variables i.e. if one variable increases; the other variable also increases in the same direction. Y= ÃŽÂ ²o+ÃŽÂ ²2X2+E Figure 5.2: Coworker Feedback vs. Employee Commitment 5.4.3 Feedback Environment vs. Employee Commitment The graph shown below represents the relationship between feedback environment and employee commitment. X-axis represents feedback environment and y-axis represents employee commitment. The Graph shows positive correlation between the two variables i.e. if one variable increases; the other variable also increases in the same direction. Y= ÃŽÂ ²o+ÃŽÂ ²4X4+E Figure 5.3: Feedback Environment vs. Employee Commitment 5.4.4 Feedback Environment vs. Role clarity The graph shown below represents the relationship between feedback environment and role clarity. X-axis represents feedback environment and y-axis represents role clarity. The Graph shows positive correlation between the two variables i.e. if one variable increases; the other variable also increases in the same direction Y1 = Role Clarity Y1 = ÃŽÂ ²o+ÃŽÂ ²4X4+E Figure 5.4: Feedback Environment vs. Role Clarity 5.4.5 Role Clarity vs. Employee Commitment The graph shown below represents the relationship between role clarity and employee commitment. X-axis represents role clarity and y-axis represents employee commitment. The graph shows positive correlation between the two variables i.e. if one variable increases; the other variable also increases in the same direction Y= ÃŽÂ ²o+ÃŽÂ ²3X3+E Figure 5.5: Role Clarity vs. Employee Commitment 5.4.6 Supervisory Feedback vs. Role Clarity The graph shown below represents the relationship between Supervisory Feedback and Role Clarity. X-axis represents Supervisory Feedback and y-axis represents Role Clarity. The graph shows positive correlation between the two variables i.e. if one variable increases; the other variable also increases in the same direction Y1 = Role Clarity Y3= ÃŽÂ ²o+ÃŽÂ ²1X1+E Figure 5.6: Supervisory Feedback vs. Role Clarity 5.4.7 Coworker Feedback vs. Role Clarity The graph shown below represents the relationship between Coworker Feedback and Role Clarity. X-axis represents Coworker Feedback and y-axis represents Role Clarity. The graph shows positive correlation between the two variables i.e. if one variable increases; the other variable also increases in the same direction Y2 = Role Carity Y3= ÃŽÂ ²o+ÃŽÂ ²2X2+E Figure 5.7: Coworker Feedback vs. Role Clarity Chapter 6 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS The research was based on hypothesis-testing and several hypotheses were proposed to test the relationship between supervisory feedback, coworker feedback (The Feedback Environment), role clarity [independent variables] and employee commitment (dependent variable). The results verified that a positive relationship exists between the independent and dependent variable/s in the model and all seven alternative hypotheses proved to be true. The strongest bonding of employee commitment was found to be with coworker feedback, which is a very important feedback source in organizational context. Role clarity was the second most important variable in creating employee commitment and the third variable causing employee commitment was supervisory feedback. According to the basic model of research, Supervisory and coworker feedback have the dimensions of, source credibility, feedback quality, feedback delivery, favorable feedback, unfavorable feedback, source availability and promote feedback seeking. From the statistical results it can be interpreted that different organizations in Islamabad city are low on each of the seven above-mentioned dimensions with respect to supervisory feedback and the resulting level of commitment with supervisory feedback is low. On the other hand coworker source is more valuable for employees and is substantially rich on each of its dimensions, resultantly contributing a greater amount towards employee commitment. As per the results of the research, Role Clarity also contributed towards employee commitment and was the second strongest variable in causing employee commitment in the overall model, which means that employees must know their jobs in terms of authority, guidelines, expectations and the importance of their job in the achievement of overall organizational objectives. Overall the research suggests that the theoretical model shown in figurer 3.1 represents that feedback environment has a positive impact on employee commitment. From the research it can be derived safely that employees of different organizations in Islamabad city are receiving a low amount and quality of feedback from their supervisors (immediate bosses, departmental or organizational heads) and a relatively higher quality and amount of feedback from their coworkers. Thus, the quality and amount of feedback received by both the sources are critical factors in creating employee commitment. Supervisory and coworker feedback jointly forms the overall feedback environment for an employee to work in, which is a controlled factor and can be improved in a systematic manner. Recommendations Based on the findings of the research named à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the impact of feedback environment on employee commitmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, conducted in Islamabad city, it is recommended that: 6.1 Coworker Feedback: Coworkers are important source of feedback to an employee and he/she gets useful input from them in the form of suggestions, techniques, performance discussions etc; therefore; firms must improve coworkersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ feedback process and the quality of peer-to-peer interactions, which can be done by arranging formal sessions of employees with experienced coworkers or by arranging a formal coaching or mentoring program. In general, a culture of providing feedback on performance should be nurtured, so that it becomes a part of the organization which can cause consistency and proper feedback on various issues ranging from individual performance to organizational productivity and performance. Through formal sessions of feedback training; employees can learn how to provide true feedback, positive and negative feedback and what should be the tone and expressions while providing feedback to others. Such training program should also focus on motivating employees about asking for perfo rmance feedback by themselves instead of waiting for others to provide them feedback. 6.2 Supervisory Feedback The amount and quality of supervisory feedback can be improved by training managers to identify flaws in the feedback culture prevailing in the organization and to provide tools and techniques to them in improving it. Major points to be emphasized in managersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ feedback training should be: Making managers more expert interpersonally in treating their subordinates and being credible to their employees Providing feedback on a consistent basis rather than in formal performance appraisal sessions only Managers should consider their subordinatesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ feelings while providing feedback to them (being empathetic) Favorable and unfavorable feedback should be provided when required or when the situation warrants such feedback Managers should spend more time with their subordinates in order to understand their feedback needs and should make themselves available whenever the feedback is required by their subordinate/s Mangers should encourage their subordinates to ask for performance feedback to improve two-way communication between the two stakeholders 6.3 Role Clarity Though feedback environment serves the purpose of clarifying employees of their roles, however other methods should also be used to have employees clarified their roles, so that they can participate more and more towards organizational improvement. Some of the suggestions to improve the role clarity dimension of an employeeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s job are: Properly written job descriptions Orientation sessions for new employees Formal sessions to clarify organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s vision, mission, goals and policies to its employees Clear performance review standards and criteria Schedules and deadlines for different performance outcomes 6.4 Limitations of the Study The study was conducted in Islamabad city, considering the organizations working within its boundaries. Financial and time constraints did not allow the researchers to expand the sample size beyond 200 respondents. As English is not the first language of the local population, some respondents were unable to understand the questionnaire properly which might have led to responding some questions wrongly. The findings of this study might not be applied to other cities of Pakistan as Islamabad has different corporate culture as compared with other cities of the country. 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